EXAM 4 Flashcards
Where is an important agricultural hearth?
SW Asia, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and East Asia
When and where were the earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, & lentil crops?
They originated in Southwest Asia 10,000 years ago
Coffee emerged from what agricultural hearth?
Sub-Saharan Africa
What is subsistence farming?
The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family
Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?
Tropical
Which type of agriculture is practiced in the densely populated regions of East, South, & Southeast Asia where more than half of the world’s people live?
Intensive subsistence
What is different about plantations from other forms of commercial agriculture?
Plantations are generally situated in developing countries
What is the most important crop to the densely populated regions of East, South, & Southeast Asia?
Wet rice
What is the primary factor in von Thünen’s model for the choice of crops on commercial farms ?
The distance from the farm to the market
The UN computes the Human Development Index (HDI) by considering what 3 main factors?
A decent standard of living, a long & healthy life, & access to knowledge
What region has the highest HDI?
North America
What region has the lowest HDI?
Sub-Saharan Africa
What category of jobs does manufacturing fall under?
Secondary sector
What is a tertiary sector activity?
Bank
What economic sector is generally associated with developing countries?
Primary sector
What does the World Trade Organization (WTO) do?
They enforce agreements designed to reduce barriers to international trade
When was the World Trade Organization (WTO) established?
1995
What is Russia’s second largest city and what do they specialize in?
St. Petersburg specializes in shipbuilding & other industries serving Russia’s navy
Where is Europe’s largest port?
Rotterdam
Why is China the world’s leading manufacturer of many products?
Cheap labor
Where is the hub of the USA’s transportation network & now the center of steel production?
Western Great Lakes
Why is China the leading fabric producer?
Because their lower labor costs offset the expense of shipping products to faraway customers
Which region of the world produces the most motor vehicles?
Asia
How has steel production shifted since 1980?
Most steel is now produced in developing countries
Which industry propels steel production in China?
Motor vehicles
Which sector generates more than two-thirds of the GDP in most developed countries?
Service sector
What is the central place theory?
It helps to explain how the most profitable location can be identified for consumer services
Who first proposed the Central place theory?
Walter Christaller
According to the primate city rule, what does the largest settlement have?
It has more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement
What helps explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota?
Central place theory
What could the 1st permanent settlements have been places for?
For nomads to bury & honor their dead
When did the population of urban settlements exceed that of rural settlements for the first time in human history?
2008
What is the best known and most visually distinctive area of most cities?
Central business district
Why are services attracted to the central business district?
Because of their accessibility
In the USA, which 20th century trend is being somewhat reversed in the 21st century with regard to the Central Business Districts?
People are returning to live in the central business districts
What is the oldest urban model?
Concentric zone model
According to the galactic or peripheral model, an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by what?
By large suburban residential & service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road
What do critics pick out about urban models?
That they are too simple and outdated
What is a major difference between CBDs in Europe & those in the USA?
Rents are much higher in USA CBDs
What do geographers Griffin & Ford show in Latin American cities about wealthy people?
They live in a well-defined elite residential sector along either side of a narrow spine or boulevard
How much of all trips within USA urban areas are made by motor vehicles?
95%
What is gentrification?
The process by which higher-income people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods & renovate the housing
How has China surpassed the USA?
As the country that uses the most energy
What was a result of the formation of OPEC in 1960?
That the prices of oil are set by governments & not petroleum companies
Saudi Arabia is a leading location of what?
Proven petroleum reserves
What does the USA have relatively large proven reserves of?
Coal
What does the China have relatively large proven reserves of?
Coal
Where are abundant oil sands found?
Canada
Where are the countries most highly dependent on nuclear power clustered?
Europe
Why is the environmental community divided on wind power?
Lethal for birds and bats
