EXAM 4

Question 1

Where is an important agricultural hearth?

Answer 1

SW Asia, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and East Asia

Question 2

When and where were the earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, & lentil crops?

Answer 2

They originated in Southwest Asia 10,000 years ago

Question 3

Coffee emerged from what agricultural hearth?

Answer 3

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 4

What is subsistence farming?

Answer 4

The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family

Question 5

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?

Answer 5

Tropical

Question 6

Which type of agriculture is practiced in the densely populated regions of East, South, & Southeast Asia where more than half of the world’s people live?

Answer 6

Intensive subsistence

Question 7

What is different about plantations from other forms of commercial agriculture?

Answer 7

Plantations are generally situated in developing countries

Question 8

What is the most important crop to the densely populated regions of East, South, & Southeast Asia?

Answer 8

Wet rice

Question 9

What is the primary factor in von Thünen’s model for the choice of crops on commercial farms ?

Answer 9

The distance from the farm to the market

Question 10

The UN computes the Human Development Index (HDI) by considering what 3 main factors?

Answer 10

A decent standard of living, a long & healthy life, & access to knowledge

Question 11

What region has the highest HDI?

Answer 11

North America

Question 12

What region has the lowest HDI?

Answer 12

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 13

What category of jobs does manufacturing fall under?

Answer 13

Secondary sector

Question 14

What is a tertiary sector activity?

Answer 14

Bank

Question 15

What economic sector is generally associated with developing countries?

Answer 15

Primary sector

Question 16

What does the World Trade Organization (WTO) do?

Answer 16

They enforce agreements designed to reduce barriers to international trade

Question 17

When was the World Trade Organization (WTO) established?

Answer 17

1995

Question 18

What is Russia’s second largest city and what do they specialize in?

Answer 18

St. Petersburg specializes in shipbuilding & other industries serving Russia’s navy

Question 19

Where is Europe’s largest port?

Answer 19

Rotterdam

Question 20

Why is China the world’s leading manufacturer of many products?

Answer 20

Cheap labor

Question 21

Where is the hub of the USA’s transportation network & now the center of steel production?

Answer 21

Western Great Lakes

Question 22

Why is China the leading fabric producer?

Answer 22

Because their lower labor costs offset the expense of shipping products to faraway customers

Question 23

Which region of the world produces the most motor vehicles?

Answer 23

Asia

Question 24

How has steel production shifted since 1980?

Answer 24

Most steel is now produced in developing countries

Question 25

Which industry propels steel production in China?

Answer 25

Motor vehicles

Question 26

Which sector generates more than two-thirds of the GDP in most developed countries?

Answer 26

Service sector

Question 27

What is the central place theory?

Answer 27

It helps to explain how the most profitable location can be identified for consumer services

Question 28

Who first proposed the Central place theory?

Answer 28

Walter Christaller

Question 29

According to the primate city rule, what does the largest settlement have?

Answer 29

It has more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement

Question 30

What helps explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota?

Answer 30

Central place theory

Question 31

What could the 1st permanent settlements have been places for?

Answer 31

For nomads to bury & honor their dead

Question 32

When did the population of urban settlements exceed that of rural settlements for the first time in human history?

Answer 32

2008

Question 33

What is the best known and most visually distinctive area of most cities?

Answer 33

Central business district

Question 34

Why are services attracted to the central business district?

Answer 34

Because of their accessibility

Question 35

In the USA, which 20th century trend is being somewhat reversed in the 21st century with regard to the Central Business Districts?

Answer 35

People are returning to live in the central business districts

Question 36

What is the oldest urban model?

Answer 36

Concentric zone model

Question 37

According to the galactic or peripheral model, an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by what?

Answer 37

By large suburban residential & service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road

Question 38

What do critics pick out about urban models?

Answer 38

That they are too simple and outdated

Question 39

What is a major difference between CBDs in Europe & those in the USA?

Answer 39

Rents are much higher in USA CBDs

Question 40

What do geographers Griffin & Ford show in Latin American cities about wealthy people?

Answer 40

They live in a well-defined elite residential sector along either side of a narrow spine or boulevard

Question 41

How much of all trips within USA urban areas are made by motor vehicles?

Answer 41

95%

Question 42

What is gentrification?

Answer 42

The process by which higher-income people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods & renovate the housing

Question 43

How has China surpassed the USA?

Answer 43

As the country that uses the most energy

Question 44

What was a result of the formation of OPEC in 1960?

Answer 44

That the prices of oil are set by governments & not petroleum companies

Question 45

Saudi Arabia is a leading location of what?

Answer 45

Proven petroleum reserves

Question 46

What does the USA have relatively large proven reserves of?

Answer 46

Coal

Question 47

What does the China have relatively large proven reserves of?

Answer 47

Coal

Question 48

Where are abundant oil sands found?

Answer 48

Canada

Question 49

Where are the countries most highly dependent on nuclear power clustered?

Answer 49

Europe

Question 50

Why is the environmental community divided on wind power?

Answer 50

Lethal for birds and bats