EXAM 3

Question 1

What is folk culture?

Answer 1

It often has anonymous hearths, originating from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators

Question 2

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of…

Answer 2

Large heterogeneous societies

Question 3

How does popular culture typically spread?

Answer 3

Through a process of hierarchical diffusion, diffusing rapidly & extensively from hearths or nodes of innovation with the help of modern communications

Question 4

How are folk cultures primarily spread?

Answer 4

Relocation diffusion

Question 5

What is popular culture?

Answer 5

It is distributed widely across many countries with little regard for physical factors

Question 6

How is popular culture traced back?

Answer 6

It is typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular place

Question 7

How are folk songs distinguished from popular songs?

Answer 7

They may tell a story from events in daily life

Question 8

What marks the transition of soccer from folk to popular culture?

Answer 8

Soccer clubs to provide factory workers with recreation during leisure hours

Question 9

What are folk culture clothing preferences traditionally related to?

Answer 9

Agricultural practices & climatic conditions

Question 10

What is typical of housing in popular cultures?

Answer 10

Houses are usually mass-produced by construction companies

Question 11

What is the most important mechanism by which popular culture rapidly diffuses across the Earth?

Answer 11

TV

Question 12

In Amish traditions, what are sons given when they are adults?

Answer 12

A farm

Question 13

What does golf serve as a good example for?

Answer 13

Imposing popular culture on the environment

Question 14

What is the world’s most widely spoken language family?

Answer 14

Indo-European

Question 15

What did Marija Gimbutas argue that the first Proto-Indo-European speakers were?

Answer 15

That they were Kurgans

Question 16

What did Colin Renfrew argue about Indo-European languages?

Answer 16

That they diffused into Europe and South Asia along with agricultural practices

Question 17

What are the major differences between the Nomadic Warrior & Sedentary Farmer theories in explaining the origins & diffusion of Indo-European Languages?

Answer 17

The Nomadic Warrior Theory suggests that Kurgans spread Indo-European Languages through war while the Sedentary Farmer Theory describes a more peaceful spread of Indo-European Languages by way of agricultural practices

Question 18

What is dialect?

Answer 18

A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, & pronunciation

Question 19

Why do the majority of the people in Quebec speak French?

Answer 19

It was colonized by the French in the 17th century

Question 20

What contributes to the cultural tensions within Nigeria?

Answer 20

3 major languages

Question 21

What conditions exist in Switzerland that allows the peaceful coexistence of the 4 official languages?

Answer 21

Switzerland created a government that places considerable power in small communities

Question 22

Why did Israel choose to revive Hebrew when Israel was established as an independent country in 1948?

Answer 22

No other language could so symbolically unify the disparate cultural groups in the new country

Question 23

Why did the Angles & the Normans contribute to the development of the English language?

Answer 23

Because they invaded England

Question 24

What is a lingua franca?

Answer 24

A language that is mutually understood and commonly used to communicate by people who have different native languages

Question 25

Where are Austronesian languages spoken?

Answer 25

Indonesia

Question 26

What culture region is Latin America?

Answer 26

Christian

Question 27

Where is the Hindu culture region?

Answer 27

India

Question 28

What is an ethnic region?

Answer 28

It is appealing primarily to 1 group of people living in 1 place

Question 29

What is the world's largest universalizing religion?

Answer 29

Christianity

Question 30

What is the world’s largest ethnic religion?

Answer 30

Hinduism

Question 31

Where are muslims clustered?

Answer 31

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Question 32

Buddhism has 500 million adherents in which part of the world?

Answer 32

East and Southeast Asia

Question 33

Which religion comprises 86% of the population of the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 33

Christianity

Question 34

What is Islam?

Answer 34

It has more adherents in Indonesia than any other country

Question 35

As a result of missionary activity, which country claims the longest continuous tradition of practicing Buddhism?

Answer 35

Sri Lanka

Question 36

How did Christianity diffuse?

Answer 36

Hierarchically

Question 37

What are african traditional religions sometimes called?

Answer 37

Animism

Question 38

Why does Jerusalem’s geography represent a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve?

Answer 38

Most sacred space in Jerusalem for Muslims was built on top of the most sacred space for Jews

Question 39

What does comparing ethnicity & race reveal?

Answer 39

Ethnicity is part of a person’s cultural identity but race is not

Question 40

What is race?

Answer 40

Self-identification with a group sharing similar cultures & biology

Question 41

What are some differences between ethnicity & race?

Answer 41

Ethnicity is identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth while the definition of race involves genetically transmitted traits

Question 42

Where do most Asian Americans live in the U.S.?

Answer 42

California

Question 43

How is ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants primarily preserved ?

Answer 43

Religion and food

Question 44

What did the Plessy v. Ferguson court decision result in?

Answer 44

The “separate but equal” doctrine of racial equality and “Jim Crow” laws across the American South

Question 45

What was apartheid?

Answer 45

The geographic separation of races in South Africa

Question 46

What did the Brown v. Board of Education court decision rule?

Answer 46

Separate schools for blacks & whites were unconstitutional

Question 47

What is nationalism?

Answer 47

Loyalty & devotion to a nationality

Question 48

Where is Asia’s most extreme example of ethnic cleansing & genocide in recent years?

Answer 48

Myanmar

Question 49

Who is the most numerous ethnicity in Western Asia without a country that they control?

Answer 49

Kurds

Question 50

What is ethnic cleansing?

Answer 50

The process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region