EXAM 2 Flashcards
India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh form a major part of what world population cluster?
South Asia
What is the world’s most populous country?
China
What is the current natural increase rate (NIR) of the world?
1.1%
Which continent has the highest natural increase rate (NIR)?
Asia
Which continent has the highest crude birth rate (CBR)?
Africa
86% of the world’s total population growth since 1980 has come from which 2 continents?
Asia and Africa
What is the continent with the highest crude death rate (CDR)?
Europe
For most of human history, populations were in what stage of the Demographic Transition?
Stage 1
Rapidly declining crude death rates (CDR) are found in which stage of the Demographic Transition?
Stage 2
The highest natural increase rates (NIR) are found in countries in which stage of the Demographic Transition?
Stage 2
How are stages 1 & 4 of the Demographic Transition similar?
They both have low rates of natural increase (NIR)
What is infant mortality rate (IMR)?
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births
What is life expectancy?
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, & medical conditions
What does a wide base in a population pyramid suggest?
A country that is in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition
In comparing Thomas Malthus’s theory to actual world food production & population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is….
Actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted
What is total fertility rate (TFR)?
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years, roughly ages 15 through 49
What would mark the possibility of a stage 5 demographic transition?
A negative natural increase rate (NIR)
What is migration?
A permanent move to a new location
What did Wilbur Zelinksy’s model of migration predict?
That migrants move most frequently for economic reasons
What did Ravenstein find out?
Most migrants generally travel short distances within the same country
In what stage does the migration transition model predict a peak of international migration?
Stage 2
What are the 3 largest flows of migrants in the world?
Asia to Europe
Asia to North America
Latin America to North America
Where were the origins of most migrants to the USA in 1776?
Europe and Africa
Where were the origins of most migrants to the USA in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Europe
Where are the origins of migrants to the USA during the late 20th and early 21st centuries?
Latin America and Asia
How did the Brazilian government encourage interregional migration?
By moving the capital from Rio to Brasilia
What is counterurbanization?
Migration from urban to rural areas
What has the leading cause for migration to the U.S. and Canada been?
Economic opportunity
What event would be considered a migration pull factor?
Opening of a new factory
Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?
Political reasons
What is a state?
An area organized into a political unit
What were the first states in ancient Mesopotamia?
City-states
What are the attributes of a state?
Sovereignty, government, permanent population, and territory
What is the United Nations?
A global organization created at the end of World War 2 that provides a forum for the discussion of international problems
How did political unity in the ancient world reach its height?
With the establishment of the Roman Empire
What is a nation?
A large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics
What is a colony?
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being independent
What are some examples of a physical boundary?
Mountains, deserts, or water
What type of boundary separates Chile & Argentina?
Physical boundary (mountain)
What do the U.S. and Canada share?
2 geometric boundaries; 1 that runs along the 49° north latitude & the other between Alaska & Yukon Territory
What are examples of an elongated state?
Malawi and Gambia
What are examples of compact states?
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda
What state shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?
Compact
What is an example of a perforated state?
South Africa
What is more typical of a democracy than an autocracy?
Institutionalized constraints on the exercise of power by the executive
What is a unitary state?
A state which places most power in the hands of a central government
What is gerrymandering?
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power
What EU policy instigated “Brexit?”
Free movement of citizens among EU member countries
What is true of the Islamic State (ISIS)?
ISIS controlled territory in Syria & Iraq, ISIS claims that is has authority to rule Muslims around the world, Boko Haram has pledged allegiance to ISIS, and ISIS has had success recruiting members through the Internet & social media
What is true of al-Qaeda?
Al-Qaeda’s founder was Osama bin Laden, in 1998 Osama bin Laden issued a declaration of war against the US, Al-Qaeda was responsible for the 9/11 attacks in the USA, and Al-Qaeda has loosely affiliated “franchises” in many countries
