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GEOG 1302 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh form a major part of what world population cluster?

A

South Asia

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2
Q

What is the world’s most populous country?

A

China

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3
Q

What is the current natural increase rate (NIR) of the world?

A

1.1%

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4
Q

Which continent has the highest natural increase rate (NIR)?

A

Asia

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5
Q

Which continent has the highest crude birth rate (CBR)?

A

Africa

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6
Q

86% of the world’s total population growth since 1980 has come from which 2 continents?

A

Asia and Africa

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7
Q

What is the continent with the highest crude death rate (CDR)?

A

Europe

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8
Q

For most of human history, populations were in what stage of the Demographic Transition?

A

Stage 1

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9
Q

Rapidly declining crude death rates (CDR) are found in which stage of the Demographic Transition?

A

Stage 2

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10
Q

The highest natural increase rates (NIR) are found in countries in which stage of the Demographic Transition?

A

Stage 2

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11
Q

How are stages 1 & 4 of the Demographic Transition similar?

A

They both have low rates of natural increase (NIR)

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12
Q

What is infant mortality rate (IMR)?

A

The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

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13
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, & medical conditions

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14
Q

What does a wide base in a population pyramid suggest?

A

A country that is in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition

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15
Q

In comparing Thomas Malthus’s theory to actual world food production & population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is….

A

Actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted

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16
Q

What is total fertility rate (TFR)?

A

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years, roughly ages 15 through 49

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17
Q

What would mark the possibility of a stage 5 demographic transition?

A

A negative natural increase rate (NIR)

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18
Q

What is migration?

A

A permanent move to a new location

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19
Q

What did Wilbur Zelinksy’s model of migration predict?

A

That migrants move most frequently for economic reasons

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20
Q

What did Ravenstein find out?

A

Most migrants generally travel short distances within the same country

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21
Q

In what stage does the migration transition model predict a peak of international migration?

A

Stage 2

22
Q

What are the 3 largest flows of migrants in the world?

A

Asia to Europe
Asia to North America
Latin America to North America

23
Q

Where were the origins of most migrants to the USA in 1776?

A

Europe and Africa

24
Q

Where were the origins of most migrants to the USA in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

A

Europe

25
Q

Where are the origins of migrants to the USA during the late 20th and early 21st centuries?

A

Latin America and Asia

26
Q

How did the Brazilian government encourage interregional migration?

A

By moving the capital from Rio to Brasilia

27
Q

What is counterurbanization?

A

Migration from urban to rural areas

28
Q

What has the leading cause for migration to the U.S. and Canada been?

A

Economic opportunity

29
Q

What event would be considered a migration pull factor?

A

Opening of a new factory

30
Q

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?

A

Political reasons

31
Q

What is a state?

A

An area organized into a political unit

32
Q

What were the first states in ancient Mesopotamia?

A

City-states

33
Q

What are the attributes of a state?

A

Sovereignty, government, permanent population, and territory

34
Q

What is the United Nations?

A

A global organization created at the end of World War 2 that provides a forum for the discussion of international problems

35
Q

How did political unity in the ancient world reach its height?

A

With the establishment of the Roman Empire

36
Q

What is a nation?

A

A large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics

37
Q

What is a colony?

A

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being independent

38
Q

What are some examples of a physical boundary?

A

Mountains, deserts, or water

39
Q

What type of boundary separates Chile & Argentina?

A

Physical boundary (mountain)

40
Q

What do the U.S. and Canada share?

A

2 geometric boundaries; 1 that runs along the 49° north latitude & the other between Alaska & Yukon Territory

41
Q

What are examples of an elongated state?

A

Malawi and Gambia

42
Q

What are examples of compact states?

A

Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda

43
Q

What state shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?

A

Compact

44
Q

What is an example of a perforated state?

A

South Africa

45
Q

What is more typical of a democracy than an autocracy?

A

Institutionalized constraints on the exercise of power by the executive

46
Q

What is a unitary state?

A

A state which places most power in the hands of a central government

47
Q

What is gerrymandering?

A

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power

48
Q

What EU policy instigated “Brexit?”

A

Free movement of citizens among EU member countries

49
Q

What is true of the Islamic State (ISIS)?

A

ISIS controlled territory in Syria & Iraq, ISIS claims that is has authority to rule Muslims around the world, Boko Haram has pledged allegiance to ISIS, and ISIS has had success recruiting members through the Internet & social media

50
Q

What is true of al-Qaeda?

A

Al-Qaeda’s founder was Osama bin Laden, in 1998 Osama bin Laden issued a declaration of war against the US, Al-Qaeda was responsible for the 9/11 attacks in the USA, and Al-Qaeda has loosely affiliated “franchises” in many countries

GEOG 1302 (5 decks)

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