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Psyc 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

five factor model of personality

A

(ocean) openness, conscientiousness, extra version, agreeableness, neuroticism

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2
Q

openness factor

A

open diverse behaviors, feelings, values and beliefs, complex, individual

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3
Q

conscientiousness factor

A

competent, orderly, dutiful, self-disciplines, efficient

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4
Q

extraversion factor

A

bold, energetic, excitement seeking, gregarious

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5
Q

agreeableness factor

A

trusting, straightforward, altruistic, sympathetic, compliant

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6
Q

neuroticism factor

A

anxious, angry, self-consciousness, impulsive, vulnerable

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7
Q

personological approach to personality

A

Personological and life story perspectives: need to focus on a person’s life history and story to understand personality

Study of the whole person

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8
Q

Life story approach to identity

A

Life story – unique memories make us who we are

Out story is our identity

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9
Q

social cognitive perspectives to personality

A

Social cognitive perspectives emphasize the role of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

  • Learn behaviors through conditioning or observation (social)
  • What we think about a situation affects our behavior (cognitive)
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10
Q

Bandura’s social cognitive theory

A

Reciprocal determinism: mutual influential relationship

  • People can change their environment
  • Behavior, person factors, environment all connected
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11
Q

Reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

Behavioral activation system

  • Sensitive to environmental reward
  • Behavior: seek positive consequences/rewards
  • Personality trait: extraversion Behavioral inhibition system
  • Sensitive to environment punishment
  • Behavior: avoid negative consequences/punishment
  • Personality trait: neuroticism
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12
Q

neurotransmitter linked to extraversion

A

dopamine

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13
Q

neurotransmitter linked to neuroticism

A

serotonin

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14
Q

behavior genetics

A

Identical twins raised together about as similar as twins raised apart

Substantial role of genes in personality

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15
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

deviant, maladaptive, personally distressing

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16
Q

anxiety disorders

A

generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder

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17
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

free-floating anxiety, general tension, excessive worry, difficulty regulating sympathetic nervous system

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18
Q

social anxiety phobia

A

intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

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19
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

obsessions - unwanted thoughts and compulsions - ritualistic responses and the intolerance of uncertainty
low levels of serotonin

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20
Q

Post-traumatic stress

A

traumatic even and the inability to cope after, intrusive thoughts, negative changes in mood, impulsive behavior

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21
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

extreme sadness with episodes for at least 2 weeks
symptoms of less interested, weight change, sleep change, excessive agitation, fatigue
genetic and serotonin regulation problems

22
Q

bipolar disorder

A

overactive, excessive speech, extremely high self-esteem, danger to self

23
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

Extreme memory loss caused by extensive psychological stress

Typically retrograde amnesia that affects episodic memories

24
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A 
Two or more distinct personalities 
- Unique mannerism, memories, and relationships 
Contributing factors 
- Severe abuse during childhood 
- Alternate personalities as protectors
25
Q

schizophrenia

A

Severe disorders characterized by disorganized/delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/behaviors

Psychosis: losing contact with reality

26
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

symptoms

  • Failure to conform to social norms or obey the law
  • Tendency to engage in impulsive, harmful behavior with a history of lacking remorse
  • Aggressive, clever, deceptive
  • Disregard for the rights/safety of others
27
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions

Symptoms

  • Unstable affect
  • Unstable sense of self
  • Self-destructive and impulsive behavior
  • Shifts between idealization and devaluation in relationships

Self-harm

28
Q

contributing factors for antisocial personality disorder

A

Evidence of genetic predisposition

Lessened brain activity in response to emotional stimuli

Less frontal lobe activity

29
Q

contributing factors for borderline personality disorder

A

Genetic predisposition

Experience of childhood abuse

Dysfunctional thought patterns

30
Q

Approaches to treating psychological disorders

A

clinical psychology and psychotherapy

31
Q

humanistic therapies

A

Goal – to promote growth toward achieving full potential

Client-centered therapy

Therapist provides supportive atmosphere, encourage client to gain insight

Nondirective

32
Q

behavior therapies

A

Goal – to replace or eliminate unwanted behaviors

Helpful for treating disorders with specific behavior problems (phobias)

Uses principles of learning

Conditioning and social cognitive

33
Q

exposure therapy

A

guided exposure to fear stimulus until anxiety subsides

34
Q

systematic desensitization

A

gradually associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety- inducing stimuli

35
Q

aversive therapy

A

repeated pairings of undesired behavior with an aversive stimuli to decrease positive association

36
Q

behavior therapies: operant conditioning

A

shaping behavior by changing the consequences

use reward to reinforce adaptive behavior

37
Q

cognitive therapies

A

Goal – to develop new, constructive ways of thinking
Techniques – strategic questioning to reveal, challenge, and modify erroneous beliefs
Self-instructional methods

Teach client to modify their own behavior
Use reinforcing self-statement

38
Q

drug therapy

A

antidepressant drug ssri, antianxiety benzos and lithium, antipsychotic drugs to block dopamine receptors

39
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

there are biological, psychological, and social factors all at play

40
Q

theory of reasoned action

A

effective change requires

- specific intentions, positive attitudes, and perception that social group favor new behavior

41
Q

theory of planned behavior

A

adds on to reasoned action and requires the individual to perception that their is control over the outcome

42
Q

stages of change model

A
  1. precontemplation
  2. contemplation
  3. preparation/determination
  4. action/willpower
  5. maintenance
43
Q

motivation for change

A

self-determination theory, intrinsic motivations, extrinsic factors (rewards), implementation intentions

44
Q

self-determination theory

A

Competence – bring about desire outcomes

Relatedness – engage warmly with others

Autonomy – in control of our lives

45
Q

social relationships and change

A

social support shows one is loved and valued and can lead to tangible assistance and recommendations

46
Q

religion and change

A 
Related to better health, longer life 
Social support 
Healthier behavior 
Sense of purpose 
Reduce negative effects of stress 
Person culture fit, positive relationship between faith and health/longevity 
     - Only in highly religious nations
47
Q

stress

A

The body’s response to environmental stressors

Stressors: circumstances and events that threaten individuals

48
Q

stress and health

A

stress can cause strain on the immune system, is associated with cancer

49
Q

successful stress coping

A

problem focused coping, emotion focused coping, personal qualities

50
Q

problem focused coping

A

Coping strategy of facings troubles and trying to solve them

Goals and implementation intentions

E.G. Stress from interpersonal relationships -> counseling

51
Q

emotion focused coping

A

Managing ones emotional reaction rather than the problem itself

E.g. avoid stressor, deny there is a problem

Not always most effective

52
Q

stress management programs

A

Teaches individuals how to appraise stressful events, how to develop skills for coping with stress and how to use these skills in everyday life

Psyc 101 (4 decks)

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