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Psyc 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

cognitive development

A

how a person perceives, thinks and gains understanding of their world through interaction of genetic and learned factors

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2
Q

piagets stages

A

sensorimotor
preoperational, toddler
concrete operational
formal operational

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3
Q

violation of expectation paradigm

A

technique for studying infant cognition, based on habituation and dishabituation procedures, in which increases in an infant’s looking time at an event or other stimulus are interpreted as evidence that the outcome he or she expected has not occurred
involved with object permanence

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4
Q

harlow’s study

A

revealed the importance of maternal contact

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5
Q

authoritative

A

democratic, reciprocal, clear standards, flexible

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6
Q

authoritarian

A

emotionally distant, power, clear rules, punishment, high expectations

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7
Q

uninvolved

A

absent, passive

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8
Q

permissive

A

lenient, avoid confrontation, few rules

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9
Q

emerging adulthood

A

a phase of the life span between the adolescence and also full-fledged adulthood which encompasses late adolescence and early adulthood

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10
Q

erikson’s theory

A

intimacy vs. isolation

form intimate relationships with others or become isloated

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11
Q

socioemotional selectivity theory

A

increased selectivity in social interaction and increased positive emotion
focus on meaningful experiences in the present

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12
Q

attitudes and longevity

A

adults with more positive self-perceptions of aging lived longer

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13
Q

sex

A

properties that deteermien classification as male or female

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14
Q

gender

A

social and psychological experience of being make or female

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15
Q

biological approaches

A
  • biological factors primary contributor to gender development
  • no postnatel experience, innnate difference
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16
Q

empathy

A

feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person

  • understand the inner life of another person
  • female advantage
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17
Q

cognitive differences

A

females higher on verbal ability

males higher on spatial ability

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18
Q

agression

A

males more overt aggression and females mroe relational

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19
Q

overt aggression

A

physically or verbally harming something

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20
Q

relational aggression

A

harming social standing

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21
Q

speed dating study

A

males reported greater importance of physical attractiveness
females greater importance of earning potential
but no differences for those when considering real life partners found

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22
Q

social psychology

A

the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

23
Q

bystander effect

A

fewer people help when in the presence of others available to help

24
Q

social cognition

A

explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

25
Q

person perception

A

using social stimuli to form an impression of others

26
Q

impressions

A

overall impression influenced more by information first received

27
Q

attribution theory

A

attempts to discover the underlying causes of behavior in order to make sense of the behavior

28
Q

fundamental attribution theory

A

tendency of observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external factors

29
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

our actions don’t equal our attitudes

30
Q

self-perception theory

A

make inferences about attitudes by perceiving our behavior, attitudes shaped by behavior

31
Q

conformity

A

adjusting behavior and or thinking to fit with a group standard

32
Q

normative social influence

A

going along with other in pursuit of social approval

33
Q

information social influence

A

going along with others because their ideas and behavior make sense

34
Q

obediance

A

behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority

35
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group setting

36
Q

social facilitation

A

the improved performance on tasks done in the presence of others

37
Q

social impairment

A

worse performance on tasks done in the presence of others

38
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency to exert less effort in a group setting than when held individually responsible

39
Q

group polarization

A

strengthening of views after discussion or interaction

40
Q

groupthink

A

when the desire for harmony within a group suppresses dissention

41
Q

social identity

A

ethnicity and religion, relationship, vocations, political affiliation, stigmatized groups

42
Q

social identity theory

A

crucial part of self-concept and valuable source of identity

43
Q

explicit prejudice

A

conscious and openly shared attitude

44
Q

implicit prejudice

A

attitude exist on a deeper, more hidden level

45
Q

mere exposure effect

A

psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

46
Q

I-O psychology

A

scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace

47
Q

hawthorne studies

A
  • how do work conditions affect productivity

- effect: people tend to perform better because of being singled out and made to feel important

48
Q

human relations approach

A

emphasized psychological characteristics of works and managers

49
Q

industrial psychology job analysis

A

process of generating a description of what a job involves, necessary knowledge and skills, fair treatment in hiring and promotions

50
Q

employee selection integrity test

A

likelihood employee with be honest on the job

easily faked

51
Q

situational judgement test employee selection

A

realistic, hypothetical scenarios

52
Q

industrial performance appraisal

A

evaluation of success at meeting goals

includes biases like halo of getting the same rating on all things

53
Q

theory x and y

A

x: work is unpleasant and people must be kept in line
y: people seek out responsibility, work with employees

54
Q

strengths based management

A

maximize existing strengths rather than build from the ground up

Psyc 101 (4 decks)

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