Exam 4 Flashcards
What constitutes physical fitness
the ability to perform moderate to vigorous exercise without a significant amount of fatigue
physical activity
bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle
excercise
intentional physical acitivty
3 short term benefits of execerise
- increased fitness
- increased muscle
- decreased fat
3 long term benefits of exercise
- decreased CVD
- decreased DM2
- decreased stroke
4 types of exercise
- resistance
- cardiorespiratory
- flexibility
- neuromotor
what are the 4 main pathways for ATP production
- glycolysis
- creatine phosphate
- glucose oxidation
- fat oxidation
Rank the 4 energy producing pathways from fastest to slowest
- creatine phosphate
- glycolysis
- glucose oxidation
- fat oxidation
What 3 things can occur with prolonged aerobic exercise over time
- increased heart size
- increased blood flow
- increased mitochondria count
As exercise intensity INCREASES, what happens to the amount of energy that is produced from fat
decreases
What are 2 measures of exercise intensity
- VO2max
2. Borg rating of perceived exertion
What is the relationship between muscle glycogen stores and time to exhaustion
The more muscle glycogen stores, the longer till time of exhaustion
When carb loading, how much carbs are taken in
10-12g per kg of body weight
What are the 3 aspects of the female athlete triad
- low energy intake
- osteoporosis
- menstrual dysfunction
3 things that influence obesity
- genetics
- environment
- behavior
What is one of the main reasons having excess body fat is bad
adipose tissue secretes a variety of hormones which lead to inflammation and can have a variety of negative health consequences
Name 3 specific health consequences of obesity
- fatty liver
- CVD
- DM2
What two things control short term hunger
- ghrelin (hunger)
2. stomach pressure
How does long term hunger adjust itself
adjusts energy intake to maintain fat storages
Explain the hormonal system for short term energy balance
- decrease of energy nutrients in the blood
- stomach increased production of ghrelin
- ghrelin tells the brain the body is hungry
- need to eat is felt
Explain the hormonal system for long term energy balance
- increased amount of adipose tissue leads to an increased production of leptin
- leptin communicates with the brain to decreased hunger
- food intake will be less and energy expenditure will be more
What most effectible inhibits ghrelin
carbohydrates
Satiation
sense of fullness, leads to stopping eating
Satiety
lacking interest in food between meals