Essay Questions Flashcards
Explain the vitamin A visual pathway
- cis retinal interacts with opsin to form rhodopsin
- light strikes rhodopsin causing the transmission of visual info to the brain as well as the disassociation of rhodopsin into opsin and trans retinal
- new cis retinal interacts with opsin to form rhodopsin once again
What are 3 functions of vitamin D? Why are people at northern latitudes at greater risk for deficiency?
- aids in calcium absorption
- synthesis reactions
- immune system support
Less light = less UV radiation = less vitamin D made by the body
What hormones are involved in the conversation of water
When the hypothalamus senses an increased blood solute concentration, it stimulates the pituitary gland to release ADH which will function to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys and thus result decreased urine production and in water retention.
Angiotensin is a vasoconstriction hormone that increases BP by decreasing the diameter of blood vessels. Decrease diameter of blood means that there is less influx of blood to be filtered by the kidneys. This ultimately lowers GFR and thus less urinary output.
What are the 4 components of a healthy diet? Explain the importance of each component
- balance - correct proportion of various food groups
- moderation - not overindulging in a single kind of food
- adequacy - enough calories and essential nutrients
- variation - variety of foods from different groups
Describe the 4 types of lipoproteins as well as the 2 pathways for LDL uptake. How do plaques lead to disease
chylomicrons - dietary triglycerides to the SI to target cells then liver
VLDL - mostly triglycerides (some cholesterol) to target cells
LDL - mostly cholesterol (some triglycerides) to target cells
HDL - picks up excess cholesterol from cells and returns it to the liver for bile synthesis
Receptor mediated pathway - endocytosis
Scavenger pathway - LDL destroyed by oxidative damage taken up by scavenger WBCs.
Plaque builds up, breaks off, causes clots.
