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Anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

Head and Neck

1
Q

Platysma

A

O: inferior border of the mandible and lower skin of face
I: deltopectoral fascia
N. Facial nerv CN VII
A: draws skin of neck superiorly and corners of the mouth inferiorly

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: Manubrium and sternum
I: mastoid process
N: Spinal accessory nerve XI
A: U- lateral flexon and contralateral rotation
B: inferior flexion and superior extension

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3
Q

Scalenes/ Scalene Gap

A 
anterior, middle, and posterior 
O: cervical transverse process 
I: Anterior and middle = 1st rib
posterior= 2nd rib 
Scalene Gap- between anterior and middle acalene is whre the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery travel through
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4
Q

Longus Coli and Longus capitus

A

Coli- thorasic and lower cervical vertebral bodies and middle cervicle transverse bodies to upper cervicle vertebreal bodies
Capitis: middle cerve TP&raquo_space; occipital
N: cervical anterior rami
A: flex neck and capitis will also flex the alanto occipital joint

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5
Q

Digastric

A

O: Post- mastoid notch
Ant- diagstric fossa on the madible
I: the inertmediate tendon and passes through the splint in the stylohyoid
N: Ant- CNv3 mandibular nerve Post- CN VII facial nerve
A- elevate the hyoid

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6
Q

Innervation/ACtion of the stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, and Geniohyoid

A

CN VII facial nerve, Mandibular nerve CN V3, and C1 anterior ramus
A: to elevate the hyoid

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7
Q

Innervation and action of the infrahyoid strap muscles

A

Sternohyoid and omohyoid ( superfical and lateral)
Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid( Deep)
N- C-4 anterior rami
A: depress and stabilize the hyoid

but geniohyoid and thyrohyoid are the HH fibers from hypoglossal C1 anterior rami

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8
Q

Nerves of the posterior triangle

A

Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and suprascapular nerves

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9
Q

External Carotid branches

A 
Superior thyroid 
Asscedning pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
- superior and inferior labial 
- angular 
Occipital 
maxiallry 
-mental 
- infraorbital 
superficial temporal 
- transverse facial
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10
Q

Nerves of the anterior triangle

A 
Mandibular (V3)> nerve to mylohyoid 
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CNIX)> carotid body on carotid sunus 
Vagus (CN X)>> larynx 
Hypoglossal CN XII
Transverse Cervical (C2-3)
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3)

SNS chain
Superior ganglion (C1-C4)
Middle (5-6)
Inferior (7-8)

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11
Q

FLow of CSF

A 
Made by the coroid plexus- goes into subarachnoid space 
Lateral ventricles (sit inferior to corpus callosum and come out laterally> 3rd ventricle (space of diencephalon)> cerberal aqueduct> 4th ventricle
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12
Q

Brain Meniges

A

Pia Mater> Arachnoid mater( CSF flows)> Dura [ mengieal layer + periosteal layer)

  • periosteal layer is just the fused periostium to the megines
  • the dura will only fold into the longitudinal fissure and the transverse fissure
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13
Q

Transverse sinus path

A

Transverse sinus flows deep into the sigmoid sinus which goes into the jugular foreamen and into the internal jugula vein

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14
Q

Lateral lakes and Arachnoid granulations

A

Lateral lakes are larger regions within the superior saggital sinus
- the arachnoid granulations are out pocketings of the arachnoid mater which are there to recycle CSF

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15
Q

Branches off the subclavian artery

A

Brachiocephalic> common carotid> subclavian>

  1. vertebral
  2. Thryrocervical trunk
    - suprascapular, transverse cervical, and inferior thyroid
  3. Internal thorasic
  4. Costocervical trunk
  5. Sometimes dorsal scapular
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16
Q

what major vessels make up the circle of willis

A

Internal carotid, basilar, and vertebral

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17
Q

vessels of the circle of willis

A

Anterior cerebral, anterior commmunicating, middle cerebral, internal carotid, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar, basilar, anterior infererior cerebral, vertebral, posterior inferior communicating, anterior spinal

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18
Q

PSNS ganglia not from spinal nerves

A

presynaptic fibers synapse in ganglions not on specific tissues

  1. Cilliary ganglion- innervation of the eye
  2. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  3. Otic ganglion- innervation of the parotid gland
  4. Submandibular- innervation of the submadibular and sublingual glands
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19
Q

Occipitofrontallis

A
  1. frontalis: eleveates eyebrows and forhead wrinkle

2. Occipitalis-aids frontalis in retracting the scalp

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20
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A
  1. palpebral portion- “ the eyelid” that gently closes the eye
  2. Orbital portion- tightly closes eye
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21
Q

Zygoaticus Major

A

Smile muscle- draws corner of the mouth superiolaterally

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22
Q

Buccinator

A

keeps the rigidity of the cheek, keeps food between molars and resists destension

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23
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

resting tone keeps the mouth softly closed

- contsricts and protrudes the lips

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24
Q

Levator Labii superioris/ levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator anguli oris

A

elevates the lips
side of nose to the top of the lips
- deep to the levator labii and attaches the the corners

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25
Q

depressor labii inferioris/ depressor anguli oris

A

depress the lips/ bring down the corners of the lips

26
Q

mentalis

A

just on the tip of the chin and will wrinkle the chin

27
Q

Internal carotid branches

A

has no branches in the neck
-will drain into the circle of willis- middle cerbral
- has opthalmic branches in the face
» supraorbital ( will anastomosis with angular)

28
Q

Lymphnoids of the face

A 
Buccal- chieak 
Parotid-back of cheek
Submental- under chin
suubmandibular-under cheek 
Mastoid- behind the ear
occipital- back of the head
29
Q

Parotid gland

A

delivers saliva to the mouth through the parotid duct which dives into the buccinator muscle
- parotid plexus of facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and external carotid artery with ssoicated sympathetic plexus run through this gland

30
Q

Layers of the Scalp

A

skin> connective tissue> Aponeurosis> loose connective tissue> percranium

31
Q

vessels of the scalp

A

Internal carotid: supraorbital and supratrochlear

External carotid: occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal

32
Q

what bones make up the orbit

A

frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, palatine

33
Q

Flow of tears

A

Lacrimal gland> move over eye from eye moevement> Lacrimal puncta> lacrimal canaliculi> lacrimal sac> nasolacrimal duct ( conects into the nasal cavity

34
Q

PSNS for lacrimal gland- old path

A
  1. from pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve V2
  3. communicating branch of opthalmic nerve V1
  4. lacrimal nerve to the lacrimal gland
35
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the eye

A

Preganglionic- sympathetic chain
synapses at superior cervical ganglion and either
1. follows arteries 2. joins the cilliary nerves entering the eyball to dialator pupillae

36
Q

PSNS innervation of the eye

A

pregang: inferior division of CN III occulomotor and synspases at cilliary ganglion> will hitchhike on CN V1 to sphincter pupillae

37
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

O: common tnedinous ring
I: superior tarsal plate
N: CN III superior division
A: elevate upper eyelid

38
Q

Superior rectus

A

CN III

elevation, adduction, intorsion

39
Q

Inferior rectus

A

CN III

depression, adduction, extorsion

40
Q

Medical rectus and lateral rectus

A

CN III

adduction and abduction respectivley

41
Q

Superior oblique

A

Trochlear nerve CN IV

depression, abduction, intorsion

42
Q

Inferior oblique

A

CN III

elevation, abduction, extorsion

43
Q

Temporalis

A

O: floor of the temporal fossa and deep surface of the temporal fascia
I: Coronoid process
N: Mandibular nerve V3
A: elevate the maniible and retract madible

44
Q

Ligaments of the temporal mandibular joint

A

Temporo mandibular ligament: very tough prevents posterior and lateral movement of the joingt
Sphenomanddibular ligament: provides passive support

45
Q

Masseter

A

O: inferior border of zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
N: muscle of mastication so V3
A: elevate and protrude

46
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

2 heads- deep to the mandible
Superior: O: infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid I: Articular disk ( so its within the joint) and capsule of TMJ
Inferior; O: lateral surface of the pterygoid plate I: pterygoid fovea and capsule of TMJ

A: protrude mandible and depress chin

47
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

A superficial and a deep head
O: S- maxillary tuberosuty, D- medial surface of the lateral pterygoig plate
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
A: elevate and protrude the mandible

48
Q

Branches of the 1st part of maxillary artery

A

Terminal branch for the external carotid
part1: Middle menigeal (supplies the meniges and passes through foreaman spinosum) and inferior alveolar (passes through mandibular foreamen to supply the teeth)

49
Q

Branches of V3 in the infratemporal fossa

A
  • passes through forament ovale
    PSNS: CN IX (via tympanic plexus and lesser petrosal)> otic ganglion> auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland

1.auriculotemporal nerve is what circles the middle menigial artery
2.Inferior alveolar nerve> passes through the mandibular foramen. It also gives a 3.mental branch which will exit the mental foreamen 4.nerve to mylohyoid (motor)
5. Lugual nerve which is joined by the chorda tympani
(CN VII) (preganglion for the submandibular ganglion)

50
Q

arteries and veins to the thyroid gland

A 
Arteries: 
superior thyroid- external carotid 
inferior thyroid- thyrocervical trunk 
Veins: 
Superor thyroid and middle thyroid- internal jugular 
Inferior thyroid- brachiocephalic trunk
51
Q

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini

A

O: cartilagenous auditory tube and tensor wraps around pterygoid hamulus
I: on soft palate
N: tensor V3 (tensor rule) levator X becuase of palat rule
A: tensor tightens soft palate and levator will lift it up

52
Q

Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus

The arches they form

A 
O: soft palate
I: PG- lateral side of post toungue
PP- lateral wall of pharynx 
N: both vagus X becuase of palat rule 
A: elevate the toungue and pharynx

form arches like their name and the palatine tonsil is located right in between

53
Q

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus

A

Extrinsic muscles of the toungue
N: hypoglossal nerve XII except palatoglossus which is CN X
Genioglossus is main one and pulls tongue towards midline
Hyoglossus has the deep lingual vein and lingual artery running deep to it. Lingual nerve runs superficial to it.

54
Q

Innervation of the tongue

A

Anterior- Lingual branch from V3 [gen sense]+ Chorda Tympani ( CN VII HH on lingual) [special sense]

Posterior- Glossopharyngeal IX- gen sensory and tast
Vagus- middle back - gen sense and tast

55
Q

PSNS path to salivary glands

A

Facial nerve VII> gets hitchhiking fibers from the chordae tympani> forms lingual nerve.

  • synapse at the submandibular ganglion
    1. goes straight to submandibular gland
    2. HH on lingual nerve to sublingual gland
56
Q

SNS to salivary glands

A

via external carotid plexus and then the lingual and facial artery plexus

57
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors

A 
All CN X 
Sup: O- pterygomandibular raphe 
Middle- O- greater horn of the hyoid 
Inf- O thyroid and cricoid cartilage 
I- midline of pharyngeal raphe
58
Q

Muscles of the pharynx

A

Palatopharyngeus- X
Stylopharyngeus- IX-the glossopharyngeal nerve runs right over it
Salpingopharyngeus- X

59
Q

Gag reflex

A

Sensation is IX glossopharyngeal nerve

Motor- vagus nerve X with one stylopharyngeus muscle that is from IX

60
Q

Sensation of the nose

A

Somatic
V1- opthalmic branch> external nasal (tip/bridge of nose)
V2> maxillary> Nasoplatine nerve ( septum and ant palate)
Posterior lateral nasal nerves
Special Sense
CN I- olfactory

Anatomy (4 decks)

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