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Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

Lower Extremity

1
Q

Arteries of the posterior division of the illiac artery

A

lliolumbar- towards lumbar spine
lateral sacral- towards the sacrum
superior gluteal- runs above the piriformis and between lumbrosacral trunk and S1

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2
Q

Arteries of the anterior division of the illiac artery

A

umbilical
obturator- runs with n. through the obturator foramen
superior vesical- to the top portion of the bladder
inferior gluteal- between piriformis and coxcygeous
internal pudendal- makes a turn and goes to the perineum
middle rectal
SEX specific:
uterine/inferior vesical
vaginal/prostatic

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3
Q

Flow of pelvic lymph

A

internal illiac nodes> common illiac nodes> lumbar nodes> lumbar lyphatic trunks> chyl cistern> thorasic duct

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4
Q

Nerves of the sacral plexus

A

Run alongside the arteries of similar names: in order frim sup> inf
-sup gluteal,inferior gluteal, siatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (has many branches for pelvic muscles), and pudendal

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5
Q

Blood and innervation to blader

A

B: Superior vesicular artery and inferior vesicular artery(males) or uternine artery (females
I: the vessicle plexus comes from the inferior hypograstric plexus
note; the superior surface of the bladder is above the pelvic pain line so its pain sugnals follow the sympathetic path

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6
Q

Parts of the broad ligament of the uterus

A

Mesometrium- large portion below ovay and filopian tube
Mesoalpinx-just where tube connects to meometrium after the branch off for the ovary
Mesovarium-where the ovary connects to the rest of the broad ligament

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7
Q

Innervation of female genitalia

A

Somatic: inferior perineal portions of the vagina
Autonomic:
- inferior hypogastric plexus lead into ovarian and uterovaginal plexus. May also recieve branches from the inter mesenteric plexus
Visceral afferent(pain) : cervix and vagina are below pain line ( so pain travels PSNS) everything else is above

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8
Q

Seminal Vessicle

A

secrete alkaline high fructose fluid and coagulating agent that mixes with the sperm
- above prostate and conects with vas deferens

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9
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

union of the terminal at the end of the ductus deferens out of the seminal vesicles. It courses through the porstate and empties in the urethra

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10
Q

inferior vesical artery

superior vesical artery

A

supplies seminal vessicle and prostate
-homologous with the uterine artery in females
supplies the bladder and ductus deferens

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11
Q

Innervation of internal male genitalia

A

plexus around each organ

  • autonomic innervation: peristalis of ductus deferens, secretion from seminal vessicles, bulbourethral glands, and prostate
  • all below the pelvic pain line
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12
Q

Rectal Arteries

A

Superior rectal- comes off IMA
Middle Rectal- comes off internal illiac anterior branch
Inferior rectal- inferior pudendal arter
portal caval anastomoses with the IMA(portal) and the middle and inferior going to IVC

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13
Q

Innervation to the rectum

A

rectal plexus come from inferior hypogastric plexus
SNS- inhibits peristalsis
PSNS- promotes defication
all below pelvic pain line

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14
Q

Pathway of internal pudendal artery

A

branch of illiac artery

  • exits pelvis through greater sciatic foreamen
  • enters perineum via lesser sciatic foreamen and travels through the pudendal canal(within obturator internus facia)
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15
Q

Pathway of the internal pudendal nerve

A

travels with internal pudendal artery through the pudendal canal to innervate the perineal structures

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16
Q

Anal canal innervation

A

Above pectinate line: endoderm derivative, visceral inervation.
- blood from IMA and portal blood+ internal illiac lymph nodes
Below Pectinate line: ectoderm derivative, somatic innervation, illiac calval blood+ lymph to inguinal nodes

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17
Q

Phallus is males

A

Penis
-all three bodies converge ( two sides of corpora cavernosa that were the 2 crus) and the corpora spongeosum (bulb of penis)

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18
Q

Phallus in females

A

Clitoris

  • only corpora cavernosa converge then run towards the vestibule
  • glans clitoris is the hypersensitive part made from corpora spongeosum
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19
Q

Regions of male urethra

A

Intramural- surrounded by the internal urethral sphincter
Prostatic- surrounded by prostate
Intermediate(membranous)- surounded by external sphincter
spongy(penile urethra)- surrounded by corpus spongiosum

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20
Q

PSNS function in male anatomy

A

Erection “point”

  • dialates the blood vessels
  • contsticts the shunts so that blood will pool
  • arterial blood fills sinuses
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21
Q

SNS function in male anatomy

A

Ejaculation “Shoot”

  • emission and ejaculation
  • reopens shunt to return normal blood flow so the penis will return to flacid state
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22
Q

Muscles of the urogenital triangle

A

ishiocavernosus- covers the crus
bulbospongiosus- around bulb of penis and vestible of vagina
- help maintain erection by constricting blood flow
I: pubdendal nerve
Supurficial transverse perineus- along the posterior edge of the perineal membrane (ishial tuberosity to perenial body)

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23
Q

Urethral sphincters

A

external sphincter
compressor urethrae
urethrovaginal- females only and wraps around the vagina as well
- innervated by the pudendal nerve

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24
Q

Branches of the internal pudendal artery

A
  1. Dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris ( comes along the top and others branch off of it)
    - 1a. artery of the bulb of the penis/vestibule
    - 1b. deep artery of the penis/clitoris
  2. Peromeal artery- inferior to perineal membrane
    - 2a. posterior scrotal/labial

The external pudendal arter which comes off the external branch will supply- anterior scrotal/labial a.

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25
Q

Veins of the urogenital triangle

A

Majority follow arteries back to the internal pudendal vein
but.
1. Superficial dorsal vein drains into external pudendal nerve (ext pud art did not supply erectile tissue)
2.Deep dorsal vein (carrying all the dorsal arteries) flows deep to pubic symphisis and superior perenial membrane and drains into prostatic/pelvic venous plexus

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26
Q

What are the two spaces the perineal membrane divides.

A

Superficial perineal pouch- between membrane and the superficial perineal fascia
Deep perineal pouch- between membrane and the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphram.

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27
Q

Knee joint

A

Femoral lateral and medial condyles
Patella
Tibal lateral and medial condyles
hinge joint - with some mild med/lat rotation for locking and unlocking the knee

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28
Q

Ankle (Talocrual) joint

A

Talus, distal tibia, and lateral malleolus of fibula
plantar and dorsiflexion

Ankle overall- allows for dosiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion

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29
Q

subtalar joint

A

calcaneous and talus

- alows for eversion and inversion

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30
Q

retinaculum at the ankle

A

Flexor retinaculum- between tibia and calcaneous
extensor retinaulum- more superior portion of the foot and wraps around
Fibular retinaculum- lateral portion
- role is to prevent the tendons from bowstringning during movement

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31
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

comes up into the great saphenous opening in the fascia lata and runs antero medially over the medial maleolus of the tibia

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32
Q

Gluteal nodes lymph drainage

A

gluteal> internal illiac nodes> common illiac nodes > lumbar nodes> chyle cistern> throasic duct
deeper tissues and glutes follow this

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33
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes drainage

A

superficial inguinal nodes> external illiac nodes> common illiac> lumbar etc.
- follows the great saphenous vein so collects lymoh from the leg and foot

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34
Q

popliteal nodes lymph drainage

A

Popliteal> external illiac nodes> common illiac nodes> lumbar nodes etc
- follows the small saphenous vain and drains posterior aspects of the leg.

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35
Q

Deep limb lymphatics

A

deep inguinal nodes> external illiac nodes> external illiac nodes > common illac>
-located medial to the femoral vein

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36
Q

Location of nerve innervation of lumbar plexus

A

illiohypogastric- proximal and lateral portion of the thigh
illioinguinal- proximal and medial portion of thigh
Genitofemoral- proximal and directly ant. of thigh
Obturator- medial compartent of thigh (motor) and inner thigh for sensory innervation
Femoral- anterior compartment of thigh (“quad region”)
- branches into anterior cutaneous and saphenous nerve(front part of calf)

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37
Q

Nerves of the sacral plexus

A

Superior gluteal- glut med (abover piriformis)
Inferior gluteal- glut max (below piriformis)
Posterior cutaneous of the thigh (sensory for post thigh
Sciatic (L4-S3) : motor posterior thigh leg and foot, sensory lateral leg and skin of foot

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38
Q

What runs through the tarsal tunnel

A

Tibialis posterior, Felxor digitorum longus, posterior tibial nerve and artery, and flexor hallucis longus

39
Q

Abductor hallicus

A 
O: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis
I: Base of  proximal phalanx of hallux
A: Abducts and flexes
hallux MTP
N:Medial plantar nerve
40
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

O:Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis
I: Proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: Medial plantar nerve
A: Abduct and flex digit 5

41
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O:Calcaneal tuberosity
I: digits 2-5 middle phlanges splits in two to insert on the sides

42
Q

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

A

runs deep to the tendon of the FDL
A: flex hallux
I: tibial nerve

43
Q

Tendon of flexor digitrorum longus

A

passes through the divided tendon of FDB to insert on distal phalanges
A: flex digits 2-5 MTP, DIP,PIP
N: tibial nerve

44
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: calcaneal tuberosity
I: tendon of FDL
A: assit FDL in flexing digits 2-5 MTP PIP DIP
N: lateral planta nerve

45
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: tendons of FDL
I: extensor expansion of digits 2-5
A: flex MTP ext PIP DIP (make 90 dgr angle)

46
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: cuboud and lateral cuneiform
I: proximal phalynx of hallux- tendon splits on either side
A: flex hallux MTP

47
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

transverse and oblique heads
O: heads of MT 3-5, base of MT 2-4
I: base of proximal phalanx of hallux
A: adduct hallux at MTP

48
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

A

O: base of MT 5
I: proximal phalynx of digit 5
A: flex digit 5 MTP

49
Q

Plantar interossei

A

none on digit 2 becuase we already have an addutor for the hallux
Action: adducts digits 3-5 MTP “PAD”

50
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

action: abduct the digits 2-4 MTPs

51
Q

Medial plantar nerve motor and sensory

A

Motor: lumbricals 1st, abductor hallucis brevis , flexor digitorum brevis (laff)
Sensory: medial aspects of the soul, tips and plantar aspects of medial 3.5 digits

-everything else in the lateral plantar nerve!!

52
Q

Rectus Femoris

A 
O: AIIS
I: Patella 
N: femoral nerve 
A: flex hip and extend knee
N: femoral
53
Q

Vastus intermedius, lateralis, medialis

A

O: femur shaft
I: patella
A: extends the knee
N: femoral

54
Q

Illiopscoas

A

Action: flex hip and stabilize trunk
O: lumbar vertebra and illiac fossa
I: lesser trochantor

55
Q

Pectineus

A

O: superior pubic ramus
I: femoral shaft
N: femoral nerve - may have some from obturator nerve
A: flex and adduct the hip

56
Q

Adductor longus /brevis

A

O: pubic body
I: lineas aspera
N:obturator nerve:
A: Adduct hip

57
Q

Adductor magnus adductor portion

A

O: ishiopubic ramus
I: linea aspera
N: obturator
A: adducts and flexes

58
Q

Adductor magnus hamstring portion

A

O: ishiopubic ramus (ishial tuberosity)
I: adductor tubercle
N: tibial
A: extend hip

59
Q

Gracilis

A

O: pubic body of inferior ramus
I: proximal tibia
A: adduction and knee flexion
N: obturator

60
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: obturator foreamen
I: trochanteric fossa
N: obturator nerve
A: lateral rotation of hip

61
Q

Hip Joint Ligaments

A

illiofemoral and ischiofemoral- prevent hyper extension

pubofemoral- prevents hyper abduction

62
Q

Hip joint arteries

A

Lateral circumflex femoral (ANT): comes off the deep artery of the thigh
Medial circumflex femoral (Post): comes off the deep artery of the thigh
acetabular branch: comes of the obturator artery

63
Q

Flow of arteries through the post thigh

A

Femoral> deep artery of the thigh
- femoral continues down and has smaller perforating arteres
deep artery of the thigh just travels deeper than the rest of the femoral artery
Femoral> popliteal

64
Q

Borders of the politeal fossa

A

Medial: semimebranosus, semitendinosus, gastoc(medialis)
Lateral: biceps femoris long and short head and gastroc (lateralis)
Inside is the popliteal A. V., tibial nerve, and common fibular nerve

65
Q

Sural Nerve

A

tibial and common fibular cutanous branches to provide sensory innervation to posterior and lateral leg

66
Q

What travels through the tarsal tunnel

A

Anterior to posterior

Tibialis posterior, felxor hallicus longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, felxor hallicus longus

67
Q

Medial Collateral (deltoid) ligament

A

Prevents hypereversion
Ant>post
anterior tibiotalar> tibionavicular> tibocalcaneal> posterior tibotalar

68
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Prevents hyperinversion
Ant> Post
anterior talofibular> calcaneofibular> posterior talofibular

69
Q

What ligaments maintain the arch of the foot

A

Long plantar ligament( calcaneous to meta)

deep: plantar calcaneocuboid ligament and the calcaneonavicular ligament

70
Q

Medial Plantar artery

A

supplies the duperficial tissues of the sole and the muscles of the hallux

  • makes superficial plantar arch
  • plantar digital arteries
71
Q

Lateral Plantar Artery

A

Supplies most of the plantar foot
creates the deep plantar arch ( between 3rd and 4th layer) and the to plantar metatarsal arteries> plantar digital arteries (of the lateral digits though)

72
Q

Unhappy triad

A

MCL, ACL, and medial meniscus tear becuase of twisting on a fixed foot

73
Q

What runs through the adductor canal

A 
saphenous nerve (which is a branch of the femoral nerve)
femoral artery and vein 
- begins at the apex of the triangle and travels down to the adductor hiatus
74
Q

Veinous drainage anterior portion of thigh

A

deep vein of the thigh> femoral vein> external illiac vein

obturator vein» internal illiac
both will drain into the common illiac vein

75
Q

Rules of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

A: doriflex ankle and extend toes
I: deep fibular nerve

76
Q

Deep fibular nerve provides sensation to what part of the foot

A

branch of common fibular and provides sensory input to the space between the 1st and 2nd toes
- motor for the anterior compartment

77
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: lateral tibial condyle
I: medial cuneifrom and base of 1sr MT
N: deep fibular
A: dorsiflexion and foot inversion

78
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

O: fibular shaft
I: distal phalynx of hallux
A: ankle dorsiflexion and extend hallux at MTP and IP
N: deep fibular nerve

79
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

O: fibular shaft, lateral tibial condyl
I: middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: ankle dorsiflecion and extend digits 2-5 MTP PIP DIP
whcih forms the extensor expansion

80
Q

Fibularis

A 
O: fibular shaft
I: base of the 5th MT 
A: ankle plantar and foot eversion
-absent in 5 percent of people 
N: deep fibular nerve
81
Q

Superficial fibular nerve

A

branch of the common fibular artery and provides the motor for the lateral portion of the leg and the sensory innervation of the majority of the top of the foot

82
Q

What are the two dorsal foot muscles

A 
extensor digitorum brevis 
O: calcaneous
I: extensor expansions of digits 2-4 
A: extend digits 2-4 MTP, PIP,DIP
Extensor Hallucis brevis: 
O: calcaneous
I: base of proximal phalanx 
A: extend the hallux
83
Q

Anterior leg flow of arteries

A

politeal> anterior tibial> doral pedis> arcuate arteries> dorsal metatarsal arteries> dorsal digital arteries

84
Q

Vein drainage of the dorsal foot

A

drains medially and goes into the great saphenous vein
drains laterlly and goes to small saphenous

superficial drainage of the dorsal foot is from the dorsal venous arch/

85
Q

Gluteus maximus’ role in walking

A

prevents us from falling forward “jack knifing” when stepping

86
Q

Quadriceps during walking

A

stabilize the knee during the single support phase of gate

87
Q

gluteus med and min during walking

A

stabilize pelvis “frontal plane” during walking

-keeps the pelvis level in a sort of abduction

88
Q

Superficial plantar flexors during gate

A

accelerate body up and forward- the push off

89
Q

illiopsoaso during gate

A

initiates limb swing during the swing phase

90
Q

Hamstrings

A

decelerate and re-possition the swinging limb

-so you dont overswing

91
Q

Dorsiflexors

A
  • help clear the foot swing

- position the foot for heel strike

92
Q

Sacral plexus branches

A

“SSIPP”

Sciatic, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, pudendal, and posterior femoral cutaneous of the thigh

93
Q

Vessels of the male genitalia and associated structures artery supply

A

Testicular artery: ureter, teste, and epididymis
Superior vessicl: bladder and ductus deferens
Inferior vessicle : seminal vessicles and prostate
Prostatic veinous plexus- runs around the sides of prostae
-has communication with vertebral venous plexus which is a potential cancer metestasis pathway.

Anatomy (4 decks)

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