exam 4 Flashcards
neurologically based disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child’s developing years
neurodevelopmental disorders
developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness
attention deficit/hyperactive disorder
genes that are deleted as a result of mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other disorders
copy number variants
characterized by the performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence (IQ) score, and education
specific learning disorder
prev called stuttering; disturbance in the fluency and time patterning of speech
childhood-onset fluency disorder
neurodevelopmental disorder that, at its core, affects how one perceives and socializes w others
autism spectrum disorder
pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2 to 4 year period of normal development
childhood disintergrative disorder
a genetic condition that affects mostly females; progressive neurodevelopmental disorder ft constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills
rett disorder
wide-ranging, sig, and long lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18
pervasive developmental disorder
attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person
joint attention
lacking appropriate facial expressions or tone of voice
prosody
intense preference for the status quo
maintenance of sameness
instructional techniques that are used w children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more social interactions
naturalistic teaching strategy
disorder evident in childhood as sig below-average individual and adaptive functioning
intellectual disability
recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chem whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior probs
phenylketonuria (PKU)
x-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior
lesch-nyhan syndrome
type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic phys appearance.
down syndrome
down syndrome is caused by an extra 21st chromosome
trisomy 21
procedure that involves removing and texting a sample of the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac
amniocentesis
a small piece of placenta is removed and tested
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
disorder is caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome; resulting in intellectual disability, learning probs, and unusual phys char
fragile x syndrome
mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences
cultural-familial intellectual disability
characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days
delirium
aka dementia; gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgment, language and other advanced cog processes
major neurocognitive disorder
created in DSM5 to focus attention on the early stages of cog decline; has modest impairments in cog abilities but can, w some accommodations, continue to function independently
mild neurocognitive disorder
inability to recognize and name objects
agnosia
the inability to recognize familiar faces
facial agnosia
strange disease of the cerebral cortex that causes an atypical form of senile dementia, discovered in 1906 by a german psychiatrist
alzheimer’s disease
condition resulting from a disease that develops most often in people 50 and older, char by multiple cog defects that dev gradually and steadily
neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimer’s disease
progressive brain disorder that is a common cause of neurocognitive deficits
vascular neurocognitive disorder
injury to head and, therefore, to the brain, typically caused by accidents; can lead to cog impairments, including memory loss
head trauma
condition that damages the frontal or temporal regions of the brain; behavior or language is negatively affected
frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
rare condition that results in early onset neurocognitive disorder
pick’s disease
brain damage caused by a blow to the head or other trauma that injures the brain and results in diminished neurocognitive capacity
traumatic brain injury
condition resulting from jarring of the brain caused by a blow to the head or other impact; symptoms persist for at least a week after the initial trauma
neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury
neurological impairment that affects people w lewy body disease, in which protein deposits damage brain cells and gradually cause motor impairments and loss of alertness
neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body disease
disorder characterized by progressive decline in motor movements; results from damage to dopamine pathways
neurological disorder due to parkinson’s diseasr
degenerative brain disorder principally affecting motor performance assoc w reduction dopamine
parkinson’s disease
disease that causes AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
less common type of neurocognitive disorder that affects people who have HIV; may lead to impaired thinking in advanced stages
neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection
genetic disorder that initially affects motor movements, typically in the form of chorea, involuntary limb movements
huntington’s disease
neurological disorder that follows a subcortical pattern and is notable for causing involuntary limb movements
neurological disorder due to huntington’s disease
rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions, proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells
neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease
extremely rare type of prion disease that may result from a number of sources, including the consumption of beef from cattle with “mad cow disease
creutzfeldt-jakob disease
brain damage caused by prolonged use of drugs, often in combination w a poor diet
substance/medication-based neurocognitive disorder
