Exam 4 Flashcards
Types of Concrete curtain wall systems?
Stone curtain walls, reinforced concrete walls,
How are concrete curtain wall systems supported?
The structure itself with loading at each floor
Do masonry and stone act the same when they are load bearing ?
No, they must be built to absorb movement in the building frame
Construction sequence of Masonry Curtain veneer walls
Shelf ledge, horizontal expansion joint under the ledge, flashing installed and tucked over slab, brick wall installation, backer wall with air barrier, insulation, brick laying, masonry ties, vertical expansion joint.
Soft Joints allow for what?
Movement, structural creep, brick expansion
Vertical Expansion joints do ?
They can separate and have independent expansion rates
Light Gauge vs CMU Backer Wall?
Easier to incorporate electrical, weighs less, needs exterior facing
Pre-Fab Brick Panel installation?
Built on the ground, directly attached to the building, and no structural back-up wall is needed. Installed by being hoisted up on a crane and, attached to the structure with LG backup wall.
5 types of Stone?
Granite, Quartz- Based, Limestone, Slate and Marble
Steel Panels Mounted on steel subframe?
Grid system supported by non structural interior, so a backup wall is needed. Structural integrity depends on the sealant joint.
Monolithic Stone cladding panels
Panels are fastened to the structure and stabilized by angle struts. May use a NS backup wall.
Stone cladding with steel trusses?
Thin sheets of stone attached to steel trusses. Acts as a barrier wall system, most $$ and requires a non-structural backup wall for finishes.
Precast Concrete Panels with Curtain Walls have a Drip Edge for what?
To protect from water and usually comes with sealant and safing.
What is GFRC, How is it reinforced (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
Reinforced with glass fibers so no steel reinforcement is needed. Lightweight, carries less dead load, etc
How is GFRC made?
Concrete with glass fiber admixtures are spread into molds and are welded to the frame of the LWG steel studs
What is EIFS and How is it constructed? (Exterior Insulating Finish System)
Built in place w/ a backing system. Pre-fab panels are made of welded steel studs. Made of plastic foam insulation, backup wall with reinforced mesh, and exterior finish coat. EIFS drainage systems have matt ad plastic flashing that is treated as a barrier system
Advantages and Dis advantages of a EIFS system
Can be applied to steel framing, economical and sustainable also easily damaged
How does a thermal break improve a building and what isn’t a good material for thermal breaks?
Reduces heat flow, internal components isolate the interior and exterior forces and aluminum isn’t a good insulator
Stick Systems
Low shipping bulk and high ability to adjust to unforeseen conditions. However assembly on site is laborious
Unit System
Disadv- more space required for shipping and protection from damage in installation.
How are Column and Spandrel Systems supported?
They are supported by a structural module system to support the unit being appended by the column and spandrel and is field installed
Expansion Materials?
Aluminum has a high coefficient of thermal expansion, 2x of glass. In uses of extrusions its important because they mimics heating and cooling.
Sloped Glazing System
A exterior cladding system where the cladding material is attached to the structural system and cannot have a slop 15 degrees from the vertical.
Low Slope Roofs Req’s?
The slope must be less than 2:12 or 17% with a minimum slope of 0.25:12 to draw water and prevent ponding. Low slopes also have simpler geometry and multiple uses but have slow water drainage.
Steep Roof Req’s and advantages
Must be greater than 2:12 or 17% slope. It drains quickly, cheap and thermal expansion can be added.
Types of steep roofs?
Thatch, Shingles, and Sheet Metal.
Thatch Roofs
Usually for restoration, builds with reeds, grass and thatch
Shingles
They are small overlapping roof units with staggered vertical joints and are made of wood asphalt clay and concrete.
Sheet Metal Roof
can use different kinds of metals and some require coatings which are long lasting.
Low slope roofs consist of?
Roof decks, insulation, vapor retarders, membranes, ballasts, drainage and flashing
What does a roof deck do and what are the different forms?
They support the roofing system and can be made of wood panels, concrete. Forms are sloped structure, tapered structure and tapered insulation
Sloped structure
Structural members are sloped to support the roof deck
Tapered strucuture
Taper the structural members to support the roof deck
Tapered Insulation
Build a level deck and overlay with tapered insulation board
Substrate Board
Span gaps in metal roof decking to create a smooth surface with wood and rigid insulation
Thermal Insulation
Can be below or above the deck, and below the membrane. Layered with the membrane, vapor retarder then insulation.
Rigid Insulation
High thermal resistance, resists compression, denting gouging and moisture decay/fire
Vapor Retarders
Prevents transmission of water vapor and placed on the warmer side and is made with plastic.
Ballasts
Hold the membrane down and protect from physical wear and UV light
Flashing
Usually around penetrations, water protection and can be made from rubber or tar or metal
Types of Membranes
Built-up, Single-ply and Fluid applied membranes
Built-up / Modified Bituminous
Made from overlapping layer and mat be protected from UV light with rock, usually seen on low-slope roofs. Modified Bituminous roofing is similar but with asphalt and plastic for durability and elasticity.
Single Ply
Single-Layer, factory made w/ plastic and synthetic runner. It is easier to lay, flexible and can be GFR material. Single ply can leak easier
Thermoset vs Thermoplastic
TP is sealed tighter with seaming membrane and can be reused while TS can’t be reused or softened.
Fluid- Applied Membrane
Applied with rollers, cured to form hard rubber membrane
Drainage for low slope roofs
Notched metal angle, metal roof edge, stripping, roof membrane, insulation and decking.
Expansion Joint Coverings consist of what 4 things?
Expansion joint cover, base flashing, vapor retarder, compressible insulation
Roof Connections
Sealant, metal clasp band, sheet metal flashing, base flashing
Cool Roofs
Reduced solar heating, solar reflectance, can cool itself while the temperature rises and only are light colors
Green Roofs
Vegetated roofs, reduce noise, stormwater runoff, with 2 different types, extensive and intensive. Extensive needs to have 2-4 inches of soil while intensive can have 36”+ of soil.
Photovoltaic Roof
Panels or shingles that capture solar radiation and turn it into electricity
What is the Generalized construction process?
Sitework, Structure install, Roof, Enclosure, Finishes
Detailed interior process?
Overhead rough in, MEP Vertical distribution system, partition framing and rough in, partition gyp board install and insulation, ceiling framing and grid, cabinetry, MEP trim , ceiling/wall floor finishes
Why are interior finishes sequenced in such a way ?
To allow for subsequent operation, priority for location (Plumbing), durability of material (withstand unconditioned spaces), schedule requirements and availability.
Trends in finish construction ?
Deleting items to accommodate change (replaceable vs single system), using lighter weight materials, using systems that are quicker to install (dry systems are usually quicker and cheaper than wet systems)
Sustainability in finish construction
Choosing materials that are eco-friendly, rapidly renewable and locally made
Indoor Air Quality in finish construction
make sure items have low VOC, dust control, mold/growth resistance.
Design in finish construction
Maximizing daylighting and open design
STC (Sound transmission class of partitions)
The higher the STC the less sound getting through. 33 is a single layer and 72 is a 8” concrete wall with drywall and insulation
Fire criteria for finishes
Flame spread # - the lower the number the more resistant . smoke development # has to be under 450 for interior finishes.
Concave joints and vee joints are?
Most likely to shed water and be the most resistant to freeze thaw
Bricks are made with ?
Mortar, sand, aggregate, water and hydrated lime.
Types of Brickends?
Rowlock, stretcher (most common), header, solider and sailor.
Types of Flashings?
Cap, Counter and Edge. They are installed at an angle, exposed edge needs to be metal and they must project 3/4 inches beyond the edge.
