Exam 4 Flashcards
Chordate characteristics
Hollow dorsal nerve chord; gill slits; notochord (support); post anal tail
Vertebrates have the 4 chordate characteristics and….
Backbone/ vertical column
Myomeres
Bands of muscles that contract for moving in fish
Three groups of fish
Bony, cartilaginous, jawless
Lampreys vs hagfish
Lamps attach to fishes and suck their blood; hagfish eat dead stuff or burrow into things, have mucus glands
Placoderms
Armored, extinct, prehistoric fish
Cartilaginous skeleton; no rib cage; placoid scales; no swim bladder; exposed gills; large oil filled liver; ventral mouth; heterocercal caudal fins; more posterior pelvic fin; low pectoral fins.
Lighter and more flexible than bone; super flexible cause no robs; tiny pointed scales, same comp as teeth; use liver for buoyancy cause no swim bladder; mouth below head; upper tail is larger than lower tail;
Examples of cartilaginous fish
Shark ray chimera
Buoyancy in Cart vs bone fish
Oil liver vs swim bladder
Placoid scales vs ctenoid scales vs cycloid scales
Placoid: cart fish, pointy
Ctenoid: bone fish, tiny spines for exposed borders
Cycloid: bone fish, smooth
Both c scales overlap and are flexible
Why are shark teeth cool
Conveyor belt
Spiracle; clasper; spiral valve
Small holes behind each eye for cart fish, first pair of gills so they can breathe wild underground; copulatory organs, clasp into female; spiral part for cart fish of intestine to increase inner surface area
Ampullae of Lorenzini; nictitating membranes
Detects weak electrical fields in cart fish (in the head); reduce brightness in eye while feeding (some sharks).
Two types of bony fish
We will get ere
Operculum; homocercal caudal fins; high pectoral fins; more anterior pelvic fin
Gill cover; same size up and low tail;
Fusiform; laterally compressed; depressed; eel like
Torpedo shape; flat; depressed; looks like an eel
Chromatophore; countrrshadong; warning coloration; cryptic coloration; disruptive coloration; eye spot
Colored pigment cells; light bellies, dark backs; I’m bright and poisonous so don’t eat me; camouflage; hard to tell where the outline of the fish is; my eye is over here
Herbivores have long intestines becauseeeee
It’s harder to digest plant material! :D
Cloaca vs separate anus and urogenital opening
Poop pee and sex stuff out of same opening; pee and sex stuff separate from poop
Marine fish circulatory system
No O2 blood goes in one chamber, goes to other one, goes to gills to get O2, goes to body through arteries (big) then capillaries (small). Repeat process
Respiratory system, bone vs cart
Operculum and mouth open and close at opposite times for bony fish; cart fish (sharks) basically just swim all the time to force water down their mouth
Gill arches; gill filaments; gill rakers; lamellae
Support; 2 per arch; prevent stuff from getting in gills; thin plates with capillaries to get more oxygen (really increase surface area)
Countercurrent flow
Water and blood flow opposite direction, gets more O2
Hemoglobin, myoglobin
Protein that carries O2 in blood; store O2 in muscles
