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Marine Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Characteristics of living things

A 
Organization
Use energy
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Reproduce
Use nucleic acids
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2
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Carbs- C H O Glucose is a simple sugar. Starch is chain of sugars, storage. Chitin acts as skeleton, cellulose as structure

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3
Q

Proteins

A

Made of amino acids (C H O N)
Enzymes catalyze
Some hormones (send messages) are proteins
Many purposes, like bioluminescence and antifreeze

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4
Q

Lipids

A

Fats oils waxes

Repel water and buoyancy

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5
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Chains of nucleotides (sugar plus nitrogen base)
DNA
All genetic info = genome
RNA

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6
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine tri phosphate, energy

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

Respiration

A

Sun + CO2 + H2O = glucose + O2

Respiration is opposite

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8
Q

Primary production

A

Making more energy than needed, leftover for growth

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9
Q

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

No nucleus less complex and opposite

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10
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

Limits cell growth, smaller is better

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11
Q

Autotroph vs heterotrophs

A

Makes energy vs eating for energy

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12
Q

Organization of living things

A

Cell

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13
Q

Plankton

A

Organisms that drift in water

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14
Q

Benthic

A

Live on bottom

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15
Q

Nekton

A

Organisms that swim strongly enough to fight current

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

Things moving from high to low concentration

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17
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

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18
Q

Passive vs active transport

A

Passive=diffusion

Active=movement across concentration gradient

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19
Q

Osmoconformer

A

Always same as water, live in narrow range

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20
Q

Hyper hypo and isotonic

A

Cell shrinks; cell explodes; cell same

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21
Q

Osmoregulator

A

Control internal concentration

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22
Q

Osmoregulation of fresh and salt water fish

A

Fresh: water goes through gills, gills absorb salt, dilute pee

Salt: drinks constantly, loses water through osmosis, small but salty pee

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23
Q

Ecto vs endotherm

A

Change heat with environment(cold) ; generate heat (warm)

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24
Q

Poikilo vs homeotherm

A

Changes with tempature of surroundings; same internal temperature

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25
Asexual strategies
Mitosis-cell split Fission- anemone split Budding- grow off of parent
26
Sexual strategies
Broadcast spawn- throw gametes everywhere Couple kids, lots o time Hermaphrodite
27
Haploid and diploid
1 set of chromes and 2 sets of chromes
28
Why is sex awesome
Biological diversity
29
Evolution/natural selection
Change over time, weak dying
30
Binomial nomenclature and phylogeny
Genus species; evolutionary history
31
Domains and kingdoms
Bacteria-bacteria Archaea- archaea Eukarya- Protista, animailia, plantae, fungi
32
Cyanobacteria
Blue-green algae. Blue phycocyanin, red phycoerythrin, green cholophyl
33
Stromatolites
Calcareous mounds made by Cyanobacteria
34
Nitrogen fixation
Turn N2 into ammonium
35
Epiphyte
Lives on plants
36
Endophyte
Lives in plants
37
Endolithic
Lives in rocks
38
3 symbiotic relationships
Parasitism one benefits, ones harmed Commensalism one benefits, other not harmed Mutualism both benefit
39
3 examples of symbiosis
Digest wood in shipworms Bioluminescence Chemosynthetic bacteria
40
Tetrodotoxin
Pufferfish toxin, made by bacteria, is a neurotoxin
41
Algae
Diverse, eukaryotic, Protista, simple
42
The world of diatoms
Phylum Bacillariophyta Cell wall is called fustule, made of silica Pigments: yellow and brown carotenoids Produces domoic acid Auxospores are mini versions of it after sexual reproduction Causes blooms Dead ones piled up makes diatomaceous ooze
43
Hypotheca
Lower frustule
44
Centric; pennate; epitheca
I don’t know
45
The world of dinoflagellates
``` Phylum dinophyta Cellulose plates Two flagella Produce and also eat Make really red blooms Cell division ```
46
Zooxanthellae
Golden brown symbiotic dinoflagellates
47
Silicoflagellates
Star shaped, uses for dating sediments, chrysophyta, two different length flagella
48
Coccolithophorids
Haptophyta, spherical, coccoliths are calcium carbonate buttons that make them up
49
Cryptophytes
Cryptophyta; two flagella, no skeleton, symbiotic relationship with chloroplast
50
Forams
Foraminifera; test (shell) of calcium carbonate; has pseudopodia which is extension of cytoplasm for eating; animal like; make limestone, benthic
51
Radiolarians
Radiolaria; planktonic; delicate silica skeletons; can make sausage shaped colonies; can make radiolarian ooze
52
Ciliates
Ciliophora; protozoan (animal like); many cilia (hair); tintinnids are common ciliates, they form loricas, which are loose vaselike tests
53
Fungi
Eukaryotic, uni or multicellular, form long filaments called hyphae, chitin in cell walls, decompose detritus
54
Lichen
Fungi symbiotically living with green algae or Cyanobacteria, fungi are structure, other part provides food
55
Other name for seaweed
Algae
56
Green algae
Chlorophyta; dominate place with wide salinity range; bays and rocky coasts; chlorophyll is pigment
57
4 forms of green algae
Filamentous; ulva; caulerpa;halimeda
58
Brown algae
Phaeophyta; fucoxanthin is primary pigment, yellow brown; temperate and rocky coasts; most diverse; rock weeds and kelps;
59
Red algae
Rhodophyta; phycobilins (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin); shallow water; coralline algae deposit calcium carbonate in their cell walls
60
Thallus; stipe; blade; holdfast; pneumatocyst
Body; stem; leaf; roots; gas bubble to lift blades
61
Leaf vs blade
Leaf has veins; the top and bottom of blades are the same
62
Roots vs holdfast
Roots absorb nutrients, holdfast only for structure. All of the algae absorbs nutrients through the water
63
Alternation of generations
Switch from sporophyte to gametophyte
64
Sporophyte; gametophyte; spore; gamete
2n;n; cells specialized for transportation; sex cells
65
Categorize the following: | Ulva, kelps, fucus, laminaria, sargassum, macrocystis, porphyra, corallina
Green: ulva Brown: kelp, fucus, laminaria, maceocystis, sargassum Red: porphyra, corallina
66
Phycocilloids | Use for algin; carageenan; agar
Gelatinous chemicals Used for ice cream and dairy stabilizer and rubber products; also emulsifier, pudding; protect stuff for canning, laxative, grow bacteria
67
Flowering plants
Angiosperms; anthophyta or magnoliophyta; seagrasses; salt-marsh plants; mangroves
68
Seagrasses
Not actually grass; horizontal rhizomes (stems); water dispersed pollen; most are tropical, few cold; shallow water; eelgrass most widely distributed
69
Salt-Marsh plants
Cordgrasses; spartina; actually grass; not marine; above mudflats; can excrete salt; halophyte=salt tolerant
70
Mangroves
Trees and shrubs that live in tropical areas; can kinda tolerate salt; mangals= forest of them; not related; cannot be eaten well; very thick salt resistant leaves in red mangroves

Marine Biology (3 decks)

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