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Marine Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic Characteristics of living things

A 
Organization
Use energy
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Reproduce
Use nucleic acids
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2
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Carbs- C H O Glucose is a simple sugar. Starch is chain of sugars, storage. Chitin acts as skeleton, cellulose as structure

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3
Q

Proteins

A

Made of amino acids (C H O N)
Enzymes catalyze
Some hormones (send messages) are proteins
Many purposes, like bioluminescence and antifreeze

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4
Q

Lipids

A

Fats oils waxes

Repel water and buoyancy

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5
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Chains of nucleotides (sugar plus nitrogen base)
DNA
All genetic info = genome
RNA

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6
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine tri phosphate, energy

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

Respiration

A

Sun + CO2 + H2O = glucose + O2

Respiration is opposite

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8
Q

Primary production

A

Making more energy than needed, leftover for growth

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9
Q

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

No nucleus less complex and opposite

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10
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

Limits cell growth, smaller is better

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11
Q

Autotroph vs heterotrophs

A

Makes energy vs eating for energy

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12
Q

Organization of living things

A

Cell

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13
Q

Plankton

A

Organisms that drift in water

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14
Q

Benthic

A

Live on bottom

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15
Q

Nekton

A

Organisms that swim strongly enough to fight current

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

Things moving from high to low concentration

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17
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

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18
Q

Passive vs active transport

A

Passive=diffusion

Active=movement across concentration gradient

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19
Q

Osmoconformer

A

Always same as water, live in narrow range

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20
Q

Hyper hypo and isotonic

A

Cell shrinks; cell explodes; cell same

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21
Q

Osmoregulator

A

Control internal concentration

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22
Q

Osmoregulation of fresh and salt water fish

A

Fresh: water goes through gills, gills absorb salt, dilute pee

Salt: drinks constantly, loses water through osmosis, small but salty pee

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23
Q

Ecto vs endotherm

A

Change heat with environment(cold) ; generate heat (warm)

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24
Q

Poikilo vs homeotherm

A

Changes with tempature of surroundings; same internal temperature

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25
Q

Asexual strategies

A

Mitosis-cell split
Fission- anemone split
Budding- grow off of parent

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26
Q

Sexual strategies

A

Broadcast spawn- throw gametes everywhere
Couple kids, lots o time
Hermaphrodite

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27
Q

Haploid and diploid

A

1 set of chromes and 2 sets of chromes

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28
Q

Why is sex awesome

A

Biological diversity

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29
Q

Evolution/natural selection

A

Change over time, weak dying

30
Q

Binomial nomenclature and phylogeny

A

Genus species; evolutionary history

31
Q

Domains and kingdoms

A

Bacteria-bacteria
Archaea- archaea
Eukarya- Protista, animailia, plantae, fungi

32
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Blue-green algae. Blue phycocyanin, red phycoerythrin, green cholophyl

33
Q

Stromatolites

A

Calcareous mounds made by Cyanobacteria

34
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Turn N2 into ammonium

35
Q

Epiphyte

A

Lives on plants

36
Q

Endophyte

A

Lives in plants

37
Q

Endolithic

A

Lives in rocks

38
Q

3 symbiotic relationships

A

Parasitism one benefits, ones harmed

Commensalism one benefits, other not harmed

Mutualism both benefit

39
Q

3 examples of symbiosis

A

Digest wood in shipworms

Bioluminescence

Chemosynthetic bacteria

40
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Pufferfish toxin, made by bacteria, is a neurotoxin

41
Q

Algae

A

Diverse, eukaryotic, Protista, simple

42
Q

The world of diatoms

A

Phylum Bacillariophyta
Cell wall is called fustule, made of silica
Pigments: yellow and brown carotenoids
Produces domoic acid
Auxospores are mini versions of it after sexual reproduction
Causes blooms
Dead ones piled up makes diatomaceous ooze

43
Q

Hypotheca

A

Lower frustule

44
Q

Centric; pennate; epitheca

A

I don’t know

45
Q

The world of dinoflagellates

A 
Phylum dinophyta 
Cellulose plates
Two flagella
Produce and also eat
Make really red blooms
Cell division
46
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Golden brown symbiotic dinoflagellates

47
Q

Silicoflagellates

A

Star shaped, uses for dating sediments, chrysophyta, two different length flagella

48
Q

Coccolithophorids

A

Haptophyta, spherical, coccoliths are calcium carbonate buttons that make them up

49
Q

Cryptophytes

A

Cryptophyta; two flagella, no skeleton, symbiotic relationship with chloroplast

50
Q

Forams

A

Foraminifera; test (shell) of calcium carbonate; has pseudopodia which is extension of cytoplasm for eating; animal like; make limestone, benthic

51
Q

Radiolarians

A

Radiolaria; planktonic; delicate silica skeletons; can make sausage shaped colonies; can make radiolarian ooze

52
Q

Ciliates

A

Ciliophora; protozoan (animal like); many cilia (hair); tintinnids are common ciliates, they form loricas, which are loose vaselike tests

53
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, uni or multicellular, form long filaments called hyphae, chitin in cell walls, decompose detritus

54
Q

Lichen

A

Fungi symbiotically living with green algae or Cyanobacteria, fungi are structure, other part provides food

55
Q

Other name for seaweed

A

Algae

56
Q

Green algae

A

Chlorophyta; dominate place with wide salinity range; bays and rocky coasts; chlorophyll is pigment

57
Q

4 forms of green algae

A

Filamentous; ulva; caulerpa;halimeda

58
Q

Brown algae

A

Phaeophyta; fucoxanthin is primary pigment, yellow brown; temperate and rocky coasts; most diverse; rock weeds and kelps;

59
Q

Red algae

A

Rhodophyta; phycobilins (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin); shallow water; coralline algae deposit calcium carbonate in their cell walls

60
Q

Thallus; stipe; blade; holdfast; pneumatocyst

A

Body; stem; leaf; roots; gas bubble to lift blades

61
Q

Leaf vs blade

A

Leaf has veins; the top and bottom of blades are the same

62
Q

Roots vs holdfast

A

Roots absorb nutrients, holdfast only for structure. All of the algae absorbs nutrients through the water

63
Q

Alternation of generations

A

Switch from sporophyte to gametophyte

64
Q

Sporophyte; gametophyte; spore; gamete

A

2n;n; cells specialized for transportation; sex cells

65
Q

Categorize the following:

Ulva, kelps, fucus, laminaria, sargassum, macrocystis, porphyra, corallina

A

Green: ulva
Brown: kelp, fucus, laminaria, maceocystis, sargassum
Red: porphyra, corallina

66
Q

Phycocilloids

Use for algin; carageenan; agar

A

Gelatinous chemicals
Used for ice cream and dairy stabilizer and rubber products; also emulsifier, pudding; protect stuff for canning, laxative, grow bacteria

67
Q

Flowering plants

A

Angiosperms; anthophyta or magnoliophyta; seagrasses; salt-marsh plants; mangroves

68
Q

Seagrasses

A

Not actually grass; horizontal rhizomes (stems); water dispersed pollen; most are tropical, few cold; shallow water; eelgrass most widely distributed

69
Q

Salt-Marsh plants

A

Cordgrasses; spartina; actually grass; not marine; above mudflats; can excrete salt; halophyte=salt tolerant

70
Q

Mangroves

A

Trees and shrubs that live in tropical areas; can kinda tolerate salt; mangals= forest of them; not related; cannot be eaten well; very thick salt resistant leaves in red mangroves

Marine Biology (3 decks)

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