EXAM 3 Flashcards
Vertebrate vs invertebrate
Backbone, no backbone makes up 97% of animals
Sponge stuff (phylum structure etc)
Porifera, basically no structure, no tissues or organs or symmetry
Porocyte, choanocyte, osculum, spicule, spongin, wandering cell
Tubelike cell that lets water enter, collar cells that line feeding chamber with flagella, opening on top of sponge, silicosis or calcareous support, protein making skeleton, excrete spongin or transform to other stuff (amebocytes)
Sessile; filter feeder
Permannately attached to bottom; filter food particles
Hermaphrodite
Have male and female gonads
Encrusting; boring; coralline sponge
Thin growths on rocks; bore through calcium carbonate; calcium carbonate skeleton which is base of sponge
Coelenterates
Cnidaria (called cnidarians); radial symmetry; oral and aboral surface; polyp and Medusa form; anemones corals and jellies; larva is planula
Tissues; radial symmetry; gut cavity with one opening; nerve net
Bunch of cells with a purpose working together; cut like a pizza; eat and poop same place; basically a brain but not exactly
Polyp vs Medusa
Coral shape, jelly shape
Corals
Type of Anthozoan (solitary polyps) calcium carbonate skeletons
Tentacle; cnidocyte; nematocysts
Used to capture and handle food; specialized tentacle cells; stinging structures found in cnidocytes
Two layers of coelenterate cells
Epidermis (outside cells); gastrodermis (gut cells); mesoglea, middle layer in between
Hydrozoan
Feathery/bushy colonies of polyps; ex siphonophore (port man o war)
Scyphozoans
Large jellyfish, Medusa form
BOX JELLYFISH ARE THEIR OWN THING, CUBOMEDUSAE
Anthozoan
Solitary colonial polyps, septa=guy layers; ex sea anemones and corals
Comb jellies
Phylum Ctenophora; radially symmetrical, swim with ciliary combs, get stingers from eating other jellies, colloblasts are sticky cells
Bilateral symmetry; dorsal; ventral; anterior; posterior; cephalization
One way to cut body in half; back; belly; front end; rear end; all the nerves and stuff centered in the anterior
Why is bilateral symmetry awesome
Pursuit of prey, allow more complex behavior
Protostome vs deuterostome
Mouth formed first; anus formed first.
Worms and stuff; chordates and sea stars sea urchins
Morula; blastula; gastrula
I’ll get back to this
Ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm
Outer layer, becomes skin brain and nerves;
Middle layer, tissues and organs;
Inner layer, gut lining
Flatworms
Platyhelminthes; literally just look like flat worms
Central nervous system (and muscle movement); tissues organized into organs; three embryonic germ layers; gut with one opening; no circulatory system. AS IT APPLIES TO FLAT WORMS
Brain can control muscles with nerve chords; self explanatory; mesoderm middle layer which allows muscles and other organs; poop and eat same place; blood and stuff is just kinda everywhere
Turbellarians (flatworm)
Free living carnivores that can also live in oysters and such
Trematodes/flukes (flatworms)
Always parasitic, adult in vertebrate and larva in invertebrate
Tapeworm/cestode (flatworm)
Long body of repeating units, no gut, parasitic, attach to a gut and just absorb nutrients
Ribbon worms
Nemertea; have a mouth and anus, slightly more complex than flatworms. Has a circulatory system, and has a proboscis (long fleshy tube to entangle prey)
Perks of having an internal body cavity
We will get here, dunno yet
Acoelomate; pseudocoelomate; coelomate
Hmmm
Open vs closed circulatory system
Closed circulatory system the blood always remains in distinct blood vessels
Roundworms (nematodes)
Nematoda; very tiny parasitic, and adapted to live in sediments or other organisms
Hydrostatic skeleton (nematodes)
Basically a liquid that is compressed into a skeleton, provides support and helps locomotion
Segmented worms
Annelids/ Annelida; segmented and gut is in a gut cavity called a coelom
Polychaetes
Huge group of marine annelids; have gills; trochophore= plaktonic larval stage; burrow or live in tubes; leeches and echiurans are examples
Mollusk fun: head; foot; mantle; radula; mantle secretion
Mollusca; has a head usually with eyes; one ventral muscular foot for locomotion; ribbon of small teeth used to feed which is made of chitin; mantle secrets shell
Gastropoda
Largest group; snails, sea slugs, coiled blob of organs covered by a shell
Bivalves (mollusk)
Clams mussels and oysters; flattened sideways; has two valves which is shell parts;
Cephalopods
Octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes; really dang smart; siphon lets them move
Funnel
Siphon, basically they force water out of it to move themselves
Arms vs tentacles
Tentacles are long and retractable, only have suckers at the end
Squids vs octopuses when it comes tentacles
Squid has 8 arms and 2 tentacles, octopuses have 8 arms
Cephalopod circulatory system
It’s closed; blood remains in vessels so it can be directed to the brain
Arthropoda; jointed appendages; chitinous exoskeleton; molting
Moved by sets of attached muscles; non living external skeleton; they have to shed their exoskeleton to grow
Why are Arthropods small
Exoskeleton
Land dominant vs marine dominant arthropods
Insects are wild; woah crustaceans
Chelicerates vs mandibulates
Have a chelicerates or a mandible
Chelicerae; carapace; telson; cephalothorax; abdomen; walking legs
Eating stuff; shell part; very end of abdomen; head and thorax; back end; Non claws
List crustaceans
Copepods barnacles shrimps lobsters crabs
Decapod
10 legs; shrimp lobster and crab
Pereopods; maxillipeds; carapace; cephalothorax; uropods; swimmerets; chelipeds
Claws; three pairs for eating; shell part; blah blah; tail cilia thing; tail leg things; leads to claw
Echinoderms: pentamerous radial symmetry; deuterostomes; water vascular system; tube feet; ampullae; madreporite
5 way symmetry; anus forms first; water filled canal network; muscular part of vascular system for walking; move the tube feet; porous plate on aboral surface
How do starfish eat
Throw up their stomach on stuff and eat it
List some echinoderms
Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
What is evisceration
Literally pukes our all of their organs
Four characteristics of being a chordate
Notochord
Gill or pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
Dorsal nerve cord
Three chordate subphyla
Urochordata (tunicates)
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Vertebrata
Cephalochordata lancelet structure
Basically a fish, just no backbone
Urochordata/ tunicates
Have a “tunic,” incurrent and excurrent siphons; squirt water so sea squirts
