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Marine Biology > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrate vs invertebrate

A

Backbone, no backbone makes up 97% of animals

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2
Q

Sponge stuff (phylum structure etc)

A

Porifera, basically no structure, no tissues or organs or symmetry

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3
Q

Porocyte, choanocyte, osculum, spicule, spongin, wandering cell

A

Tubelike cell that lets water enter, collar cells that line feeding chamber with flagella, opening on top of sponge, silicosis or calcareous support, protein making skeleton, excrete spongin or transform to other stuff (amebocytes)

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4
Q

Sessile; filter feeder

A

Permannately attached to bottom; filter food particles

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5
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

Have male and female gonads

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6
Q

Encrusting; boring; coralline sponge

A

Thin growths on rocks; bore through calcium carbonate; calcium carbonate skeleton which is base of sponge

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7
Q

Coelenterates

A

Cnidaria (called cnidarians); radial symmetry; oral and aboral surface; polyp and Medusa form; anemones corals and jellies; larva is planula

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8
Q

Tissues; radial symmetry; gut cavity with one opening; nerve net

A

Bunch of cells with a purpose working together; cut like a pizza; eat and poop same place; basically a brain but not exactly

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9
Q

Polyp vs Medusa

A

Coral shape, jelly shape

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10
Q

Corals

A

Type of Anthozoan (solitary polyps) calcium carbonate skeletons

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11
Q

Tentacle; cnidocyte; nematocysts

A

Used to capture and handle food; specialized tentacle cells; stinging structures found in cnidocytes

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12
Q

Two layers of coelenterate cells

A

Epidermis (outside cells); gastrodermis (gut cells); mesoglea, middle layer in between

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13
Q

Hydrozoan

A

Feathery/bushy colonies of polyps; ex siphonophore (port man o war)

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14
Q

Scyphozoans

A

Large jellyfish, Medusa form

BOX JELLYFISH ARE THEIR OWN THING, CUBOMEDUSAE

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15
Q

Anthozoan

A

Solitary colonial polyps, septa=guy layers; ex sea anemones and corals

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16
Q

Comb jellies

A

Phylum Ctenophora; radially symmetrical, swim with ciliary combs, get stingers from eating other jellies, colloblasts are sticky cells

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17
Q

Bilateral symmetry; dorsal; ventral; anterior; posterior; cephalization

A

One way to cut body in half; back; belly; front end; rear end; all the nerves and stuff centered in the anterior

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18
Q

Why is bilateral symmetry awesome

A

Pursuit of prey, allow more complex behavior

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19
Q

Protostome vs deuterostome

A

Mouth formed first; anus formed first.

Worms and stuff; chordates and sea stars sea urchins

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20
Q

Morula; blastula; gastrula

A

I’ll get back to this

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21
Q

Ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm

A

Outer layer, becomes skin brain and nerves;
Middle layer, tissues and organs;
Inner layer, gut lining

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22
Q

Flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes; literally just look like flat worms

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23
Q

Central nervous system (and muscle movement); tissues organized into organs; three embryonic germ layers; gut with one opening; no circulatory system. AS IT APPLIES TO FLAT WORMS

A

Brain can control muscles with nerve chords; self explanatory; mesoderm middle layer which allows muscles and other organs; poop and eat same place; blood and stuff is just kinda everywhere

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24
Q

Turbellarians (flatworm)

A

Free living carnivores that can also live in oysters and such

25
Q

Trematodes/flukes (flatworms)

A

Always parasitic, adult in vertebrate and larva in invertebrate

26
Q

Tapeworm/cestode (flatworm)

A

Long body of repeating units, no gut, parasitic, attach to a gut and just absorb nutrients

27
Q

Ribbon worms

A

Nemertea; have a mouth and anus, slightly more complex than flatworms. Has a circulatory system, and has a proboscis (long fleshy tube to entangle prey)

28
Q

Perks of having an internal body cavity

A

We will get here, dunno yet

29
Q

Acoelomate; pseudocoelomate; coelomate

A

Hmmm

30
Q

Open vs closed circulatory system

A

Closed circulatory system the blood always remains in distinct blood vessels

31
Q

Roundworms (nematodes)

A

Nematoda; very tiny parasitic, and adapted to live in sediments or other organisms

32
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton (nematodes)

A

Basically a liquid that is compressed into a skeleton, provides support and helps locomotion

33
Q

Segmented worms

A

Annelids/ Annelida; segmented and gut is in a gut cavity called a coelom

34
Q

Polychaetes

A

Huge group of marine annelids; have gills; trochophore= plaktonic larval stage; burrow or live in tubes; leeches and echiurans are examples

35
Q

Mollusk fun: head; foot; mantle; radula; mantle secretion

A

Mollusca; has a head usually with eyes; one ventral muscular foot for locomotion; ribbon of small teeth used to feed which is made of chitin; mantle secrets shell

36
Q

Gastropoda

A

Largest group; snails, sea slugs, coiled blob of organs covered by a shell

37
Q

Bivalves (mollusk)

A

Clams mussels and oysters; flattened sideways; has two valves which is shell parts;

38
Q

Cephalopods

A

Octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes; really dang smart; siphon lets them move

39
Q

Funnel

A

Siphon, basically they force water out of it to move themselves

40
Q

Arms vs tentacles

A

Tentacles are long and retractable, only have suckers at the end

41
Q

Squids vs octopuses when it comes tentacles

A

Squid has 8 arms and 2 tentacles, octopuses have 8 arms

42
Q

Cephalopod circulatory system

A

It’s closed; blood remains in vessels so it can be directed to the brain

43
Q

Arthropoda; jointed appendages; chitinous exoskeleton; molting

A

Moved by sets of attached muscles; non living external skeleton; they have to shed their exoskeleton to grow

44
Q

Why are Arthropods small

A

Exoskeleton

45
Q

Land dominant vs marine dominant arthropods

A

Insects are wild; woah crustaceans

46
Q

Chelicerates vs mandibulates

A

Have a chelicerates or a mandible

47
Q

Chelicerae; carapace; telson; cephalothorax; abdomen; walking legs

A

Eating stuff; shell part; very end of abdomen; head and thorax; back end; Non claws

48
Q

List crustaceans

A

Copepods barnacles shrimps lobsters crabs

49
Q

Decapod

A

10 legs; shrimp lobster and crab

50
Q

Pereopods; maxillipeds; carapace; cephalothorax; uropods; swimmerets; chelipeds

A

Claws; three pairs for eating; shell part; blah blah; tail cilia thing; tail leg things; leads to claw

51
Q

Echinoderms: pentamerous radial symmetry; deuterostomes; water vascular system; tube feet; ampullae; madreporite

A

5 way symmetry; anus forms first; water filled canal network; muscular part of vascular system for walking; move the tube feet; porous plate on aboral surface

52
Q

How do starfish eat

A

Throw up their stomach on stuff and eat it

53
Q

List some echinoderms

A

Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

54
Q

What is evisceration

A

Literally pukes our all of their organs

55
Q

Four characteristics of being a chordate

A

Notochord
Gill or pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
Dorsal nerve cord

56
Q

Three chordate subphyla

A

Urochordata (tunicates)
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Vertebrata

57
Q

Cephalochordata lancelet structure

A

Basically a fish, just no backbone

58
Q

Urochordata/ tunicates

A

Have a “tunic,” incurrent and excurrent siphons; squirt water so sea squirts

Marine Biology (3 decks)

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