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psy 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

characteristics of stress categories

A

physical, behavioral, emotional

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2
Q

stressors

A

circumstances that threaten our well-being External or internal (self-imposed)

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3
Q

phyisiological responses from stress

A

increased heart rate, sweaty, tense, body on edge

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4
Q

HPA axis

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland (results in release of stress hormones that boost physiological arousal level)

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5
Q

adaptive coping strategy

A

coping strategy that helps you and doesn’t harm you, beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

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6
Q

maladaptive coping strategy

A

coping strategy that doesn’t helps you and does harm you, not beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

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7
Q

coping strategy that helps you and doesn’t harm you, beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

A

adaptive coping strategy

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8
Q

coping strategy that doesnt helps you and does harm you, not beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

A

maladaptive coping strategy

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9
Q

learned helplessness

A

feeling like you can’t escape the negative situation so feeling helpless and like you can’t do anything. if adaptive coping strategie don’t work you can turn to this

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10
Q

stress level in relation to performance

A

stress level optimizes performance to a certain point, but if it exceeds that point it just makes it worse

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11
Q

stress level in relation to task difficulty

A

as task difficulty increases, so does stress level, lower “optimum stress” point with higher difficulty

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12
Q

3 levels of stress

A

positive
tolerable
toxic

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13
Q

toxic stress (chronic stress) who researched it?

A

prolonged activation of stress response systems in the absence of protective relationships. Robert Sapolsky

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14
Q

affects of chronic/toxic stress

A 
constant physical and mental overdrive which leads to exhaustion. 
Disrupts neurogenesis (production of new neurons) 
Disrupts formation of connections between neurons, especially in hippocampus
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15
Q

3 characteristics of psychological “disorder”

A

Deviance: person’s behavior differs from social/cultural norms
Maladaptive behavior: interferes with everyday functioning
Personal distress: subjective pain and suffering

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16
Q

three categories of factors that contribute to disordres

A

biological
physiological
social/cultural

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17
Q

biological contributions to stress

A

genetic makeup, brain structure, genetic predisposition

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18
Q

psychological contributions to stress

A

stress responses, coping mechanisms

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19
Q

sociocultural contributions to stress

A

environment, trauma/abuse, cultural expectations

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20
Q

difference in gender gap for eating disorders

A

10 women to one man

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21
Q

anxiety symptoms

A

shaky, uneasy, sweaty, chills, rapid thoughts, fear, feeling detatched

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22
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

generalized: constant anxiety about everyday things, unreasonable

23
Q

panic disorder

A

feelings of sudden terror that strike suddenly. chest pain, irregular heart beat, feelings of choking, “going crazy”

24
Q

specific phobias

A

extreme unreasonable and irrational fears that interfere with everyday life

25
Q

PTSD

A

can develop following a traumatic or terrifying event. frightening and lating thoughts and memories of the event, flashbacks

26
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or routines.

27
Q

factors leading to anxiety (etiology)

A

brain chemistry: imbalance in GABA neurotransmitter, hyper-reactivity of HPA axis

genetics: moderate genetics predisposition (somewhat hereditary).
environment: trauma and stressful events, anxiety responses can be learned and maintained from conditioning.

28
Q

characteristics of eating disorders

A

cam start at young age, often progresses from diets, eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness

29
Q

characteristics of anorexia nervosa

A

very underweight, fear of gaining weight, extremely restricted eating, risks of starvation, heart damage, brain damage

30
Q

characteristics of bulimia nervosa

A

varies, fear of gaining weight, cycle of binging and purging, often overexercise. risks of intestinal issues, dehydration, tooth/throat decay

31
Q

characteristics of binge eating disorder

A

overweight, uncontrolled eating, past the point of discomfort, risk of obesity, heart disease.

32
Q

etiology of eating disorders

A

biological factors: some genetic component, hormones that regulate fullness, low serotonin, when you have anorexia no dopamine release when eating
psychological factors: low self esteem, distorted body image, self-blame, perfectionism, comorbid anxiety or depression
social/cultural factors: unhealthy/unrealistic pressure and attitude about diet or appearance, media portrayal of perfect body, availability of food.

33
Q

major depressive disorder characteristics

A

fatigue, sluggishness. insomnia or excessive sleep. slow thinking, difficulty concentrating, persistent gloominess (anhedonia), low self esteem, suicidal ideation and in 10% attempts
women are twice as likely

34
Q

bipolar disorder characteristics

A

bipolar lows same as major depressive, manic (mania) hyperactivity, impulsive, very little sleep, flight of ideas, euphoria (or anger), inflated self esteem. equal men and women affected

35
Q

etiology of mood disorders (unipolar and bipolar)

A

genetic: strong hereditary influence, low levels of serotonin
psychological: negative thinking style (interpreting life events pessimistically, persistent rumination)
social/cultural factors: poor social skills are associated (cause or consequence?)

36
Q

characteristics of schizophrenia

A

positive: halliconations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, bizarre behaviors
negative: flat affect, reduced social interaction, anhedonia, avolition, alogia catatonia.

37
Q

anhedonia (schizophrenia)

A

no feeling of enjoyment

38
Q

no feeling of enjoyment (schizophrenia)

A

anhedonia

39
Q

avolition (schizophrenia)

A

less motivation and initiative

40
Q

less motivation and initiative (schizophrenia)

A

avolition

41
Q

catatonia (schizophrenia)

A

moving less

42
Q

moving less (schizophrenia)

A

catatonia

43
Q

dopamine hypothesis (schizophrenia)

A

too much dopamine, unclear how this explains some symptoms

44
Q

neurodevelopmental hypothesis (schizophrenia)

A

exposure to viruses and birth complications damage the brain, creating a biological predisposition

45
Q

autism types (ASD)

A

high functioning: function well in daily life, high IQ, maybe extraordinary skills
autism: require support to function well, normal IQ or mild disability
severe autism: require support to function at all, low IQ, often nonverbal

46
Q

autism characteristics

A

developmental differences, overstimulation, hypersensitivity, difficulty ignoring distractions

47
Q

psychoanalysis (whose idea?)

A

freud
identify motives/conflicts that are unconsciously affecting you. emphasis on analyzing memories, dreams, and associations

48
Q

client-centered therapy

A

supportive relationship, non directive, improve clients self-concept

49
Q

systematic desensitization

A

exposure therapy

especially effective for phobias, client is confronted with incrementally more anxiety-producing situations

50
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

blends behavior modification and cognitive therapies. address and change negative thinking styles and behavioral habits

51
Q

antidepressants

A

increase serotonin (block re-uptake), better regulation of mood and sleep

52
Q

anxiolytic tranquilizer

A

increase gaba, reduce physical effects of anxiety

53
Q

antipsychotics

A

decrease dopamine, controls symptoms (best for positive symptoms)

psy 101 (4 decks)

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