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psy 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Genie and development

A

locked in a room and isolated until age 13, would never be the same as other humans. told us environment and nurture is crucial.

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2
Q

Harry Harlow Experiment

A

Harry Harlow and the terry cloth monkeys. the monkeys were attached to the terry cloth mothers even if fed by the wire mothers. he argued that therefore it’s more about comfort than about reinforcement because the feeding.

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3
Q

John Bowlby thoughts

A

biological basis for attachment. babies are hard-wired to be cute (smiling, clinging, cooing, etc) and this triggers an affectionate response from adults.

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4
Q

Mary Ainsworth attachment styles

A
  1. secure attachment
  2. anxious-ambivalent attachment
  3. avoidant attachment
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5
Q

secure attachment

A

babies explore comfortably with their mothers present and are upset when she leaves, but are calmed when she returns

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6
Q

babies explore comfortably with their mothers present and are upset when she leaves, but are calmed when she returns

A

secure attachment

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7
Q

anxious ambivalent attachment

A

anxious even when mother is near and worse when she leaves but not comforted on return

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8
Q

anxious even when mother is near and worse when she leaves but not comforted on return

A

anxious ambivalent attachment

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9
Q

avoidant attachment

A

seek little attachment with mother and aren’t distressed when she leaves

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10
Q

seek little attachment with mother and aren’t distressed when she leaves

A

avoidant attachment

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11
Q

kohlbergs 3 stages

A
  1. preconventional
  2. conventional
  3. postconventional
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12
Q

preconventional stage

A

focus on self, seeks rewards or avoids punishment

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13
Q

conventional stage

A

focus on others. either obeying laws and authority or getting along with others

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14
Q

postconventional stage

A

focus on justice. societal rules have exceptions or led by deep personal beliefs.

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15
Q

what language abilities are innate/do we lose?

A

we can distinguish between all speech sounds but lose the ability for sounds that we never hear (other languages).

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16
Q

language development timeline

A

babbling: 6 months
first word: 10-12 months
vocab spurt: around 18 months (everything has a name!)
2-3 years: sentences (telegraphic speech)
4 years onward: grammar slowly progresses

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17
Q

Jean Piaget and knowledge

A

we construct knowledge by learning from our environment. learning happens when we are faced with new things that don’t fit with our current knowledge.

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18
Q

4 stages of Piaget’s cognitive development

A
  1. sensorimotor
  2. preoperational
  3. concrete operational
  4. formal operational
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19
Q

sensorimotor stage of development

A

stage where you exploring objects through interaction and sensory input. they learn object permanence by the end of this stage

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20
Q

preoperational

A

stage where you acquire language to refer to things, don’t understand principle of conservation (pouring water into different cups), and can’t mentally undo things (irreversibility)

21
Q

exploring objects through interaction and sensory input. they learn object permanence by the end of this stage

A

sensorimotor stage of development

22
Q

acquire language to refer to things, don’t understand principle of conservation (pouring water into different cups), and can’t mentally undo things (irreversibility)

A

preoperational stage of development

23
Q

concrete operational

A

stage where you think logically about concrete things, lots of categorization

24
Q

think logically about concrete things, lots of categorization

A

concrete operational

25
Q

formal operational

A

stage where you reason about abstract ideas

26
Q

stage where you reason about abstract ideas

A

formal operational

27
Q

Lev Vygotsky and knowledge

A

we construct knowledge through interactions with a more knowledgeable other (MKO). learning is a social activity

28
Q

zone of proximal development

A

things we are able to do with the help of others. it expands as we do more actions in it because we learn it.

29
Q

Freud’s theory of personality

A

id: subconscious desires and motivators in personality. all subconscious, the most primitive
ego: rational and pragmatic. partly conscious and partly subconscious. balances id and superego
superego: “conscious”/moral compass

30
Q

Eysenck and personality traits

A

extroverted/introverted. stable emotions and unstable emotions.

31
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

first basic needs, then psychological needs, then self-fulfillment needs.

32
Q

what kinds of things influence our perceptions of others?

A

physical characteristics, whether they are in the ingroup vs. outgroup, bias, etc.

33
Q

ingroups/ outgroups

A

people fitting in or sticking out and being a member of society or being a loner

34
Q

explicit bias

A

beliefs we know we consciously have and acting upon them

35
Q

implicit bias

A

beliefs we don’t realize we have and may affect our behavior

36
Q

confirmation bias

A

we tend to interpret things in a way that verifies our existing beliefs (canadians all like hockey, and the ones we meet who don’t are exceptions)

37
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

holding one thing to be an absolute truth in your mind and the outliers are exceptions

38
Q

bernard weiner’s model of attribution

A

source (internal/ external) stability (stable [fixed] unstable [temporary])

39
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

we attribute other people’s actions to internal factors (their talent/effort) and our own actions to external factors (task difficulty/luck)

40
Q

we attribute other people’s actions to internal factors (their talent/effort) and our own actions to external factors (task difficulty/luck)

A

fundamental attribution error

41
Q

self serving bias

A

success is due to internal factors, failure is due to external factors

42
Q

success is due to internal factors, failure is due to external factors

A

self serving bias

43
Q

self-effacing bias (modesty bias)

A

success is due to external factors, failure is due to internal factors

44
Q

success is due to external factors, failure is due to internal factors

A

self-effacing bias (modesty bias)

45
Q

who did the terry cloth monkeys. the monkeys were attached to the terry cloth mothers even if fed by the wire mothers. he argued that therefore it’s more about comfort than about reinforcement because the feeding.

A

Harry Harlow

46
Q

who theorized biological basis for attachment. babies are hard-wired to be cute (smiling, clinging, cooing, etc) and this triggers an affectionate response from adults.

A

John Bowlby

47
Q

who came up with three attachment style

  1. secure attachment
  2. anxious-ambivalent attachment
  3. avoidant attachment
A

Mary Ainsworth

48
Q

how do we gain knowledge according to piaget

A

interacting with our environment?

psy 101 (4 decks)

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