Exam 4

Question 1

Define Integrative Health

Answer 1

relationship b/2 provider and whole person

Question 2

Explain purpose of Dietary Supplement and Health Ed Act (DSHEA 1994)

Answer 2

Evaluate vitamins, herbals, AA’s, botanicals

Regulate herbal supplements like food

Question 3

Distinguish higher quality supplement due to product labeling

Answer 3

They have this disclaimer “this statement has not been evaluated by the FDA, products not intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease”

Question 4

Fish oil is effective at_ and not at __

Answer 4

effective 2ndary prev CHD, not effective LDL-c or TC

Question 5

ID those OTC’s and supplements that have safety concerns when used in metabolic dis

Answer 5

• Red yeast rice: kidney failure in poorly fermented product
• ephedra: many fatal cases
• alli: liver failure
• CoQ: bleeding risk

Question 6

Recognize potential DDI’s with OTC’s/supplements

Answer 6

• sterol/stanol: Drug interaction with ezetimibe
• vanadium: risk of bleeding when combined with other agents
• CoQ: some meds incl statins, beta blockers and diuretics lower coQ levels

Question 7

Plant sterols and stanols effective at __

Answer 7

dyslipidemia tx, no difference b/w sterols and stanols in terms of effectiveness

Question 8

Parts of anterior pituitary:

Answer 8

pars distalis, intermedia, tuberalis

Question 9

parts of post pit:

Answer 9

aka pars nervosa/infundibular process, infundibular stem,, median eminence

Question 10

parathyroid: arrangement of PTH releasing cells, oxyphil cells, adipose cells

Answer 10

1. Chief: PTH releasing
2. Oxyphil:
3. Adipose:

Question 11

adrenal cortex: 3 layers, cells in each region, what they release, whether they respond to ACTH

Answer 11

GFR:
glomerulosa (aldosterone), fasiculata (cortisol, sex hormones), reticularis (sex hormones) F+G respond to ACTH (G responds to renin/angiotensin)

Question 12

specific blood vessels going in and out of glands

Answer 12

Adrenal: superior, middle, inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 13

Cells of the anterior pituitary and their (products)

Answer 13

Somatotrophs (GH) 50% of cells/most amt, lactotrophs (PRL), Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH), Corticotrophs (ACTH), Thyrotrophs (TSH) 5-10% of cells/least amt

Question 14

adrenal medulla hormones

Answer 14

epi, norepi

Question 15

stomodeum

Answer 15

mouth opening, derived from ectoderm, makes all tissues as far back as pharynx

Question 16

Rathke’s pouch

Answer 16

oral ectoderm, pinches off to form ant pit

Question 17

sella turcica

Answer 17

connective tissue that develops around pituitary

Question 18

neural ectoderm vs oral ectoderm

Answer 18

Neural: evagination of lower part of the mouth which forms post pit, oral ectoderm: form upper part of mouth (rathke’s pouch) ant pit

Question 19

origin of pars distalis

Answer 19

rathke’s pouch (oral ectoterm)

Question 20

origin of pars intermedia

Answer 20

rathke’s pouch (oral ectoterm)

Question 21

origin of pars nervosa

Answer 21

neural ectoderm

Question 22

origin of infundibular stalk

Answer 22

neural ectoderm

Question 23

embryonic origin of thryoid follicular, calcitonin cells, blood vessels

Answer 23

follicular: endoderm
calcitonin: neural crest (ectoderm)
blood vessels: mesoderm

Question 24

TRH secretion from __ leads to __

Answer 24

Hypothalamus, increased TSH and PRL

Question 25

GnRH secretion from __ leads to __

Answer 25

Hypothalamus, increased LH, FSH

Question 26

CRH from __ leads to __

Answer 26

Hypothalamus, increased POMC, ACTH

Question 27

CRH from __ leads to __

Answer 27

Hypothalamus, increased GH

Question 28

Somatostatin from __ leads to __

Answer 28

Hypothalamus, decreased GH and decreased TSH (aka GIH)

Question 29

Prolactin inhibiting factor from __ leads to __

Answer 29

Hypothalamus, decreased PRL

AKA dopamine

Question 30

Tests helpful to evaluate a thyroid nodule

Answer 30

use radioactive iodine, hot nodule indicates TSH