Exam 4 Flashcards
Prisonized
A process where an inmate becomes socialized in the culture of prison
Deprivations in Prison
Liberty: Loss of freedom
Goods and Services: No access to good foods and entertainment
Heterosexual Relationships: deprived of contact with the other sex
Autonomy: can’t make decisions for themselves
Security: Prisons don’t feel safe, and you may feel threatened by other prisoners
Attica Revolt
A revolt of prisoners in New York, where 43 hostages were taken and 39 people were dead at the end.
This changed the roles of correctional officers
Changes After the Attica Revolt
- ) Name change (now correctional officer not “guard”)
- ) Men and women both can work as officers
- ) Closer screenings
- ) Improved training programs (law, communication, CPR, fitness)
4 Ranks of Staff in Prison
- ) Captain (Policy)
- ) Lieutenant (Security)
- ) Sergeant (Oversee Officers)
- ) Officer (Work in Cellblocks)
Cell Block Officer
Supervise daily activities and the well being of inmates.
Work Detail Supervisor
The person looking over the inmates who work within the prison.
Industrial and Education Program
Officers ensure while inmates work they’re doing the job correct and aren’t making weapons or stealing.
Yard Officers
Must keep order and security when prisoners are in the yard so there’s no fights
Tower Guard
Looking over the inmates in the yard for potential problems
Administrative Building Assignments
Security at the gates where visitors are and clerical work
A Warden is…
The one who governs the prison
Warden Responsibility
- ) Managing the budget
- ) Four goals of punishment
- ) Giving prisoners more freedoms (T.V.’s, playing music, etc.)
Prison Litigation Reform Act
Inmates must try to:
- ) Resolve their complaint through the prison
- ) Pay court fees
- ) Show physical or mental injury
Women in Prison Issues
- ) More health concerns
- ) Child care
- ) Body searches on women by male guards, they can have females do it
Prison Gangs Develop Why? 3 Reasons?
Solidarity, Protection and Power
Death Work
Carrying out the death sentence on criminals, which a warden presides over
In Re Gult Case
kid sent to reform school until 21, filled habeas corpus to supreme court, they said it’s a violation of the 14th amendment
Hands OFF Doctrine
The notion by courts that prison administrators should be given free rein to run their prisons as they deem best
Prisoners Rights
Prison inmates now retain all the rights of free citizens except those to keep order and safety in the prison “Iron Curtain” lifted essentially
Prisoners Rights Examples
- ) Right to legal counsel
- ) Right to religious meterials
- ) Right to be treated when hurt medically
- ) Due Process
Community Corrections
Probation, Parole, alternative to incarceration
Why Alternate to Incarceration
- ) Offender stays in community, leading to greater rehabilitation
- ) Taking advantage of counseling
- ) Avoid pains of prison
- ) Less expensive
- ) Allows ties with work, family and friends
3 Elements to Alternative Incarceration
- ) Must incapacitate enough so Officers can interfere
- ) Must be somewhat unpleasant
- ) Must provide protection for the community
History of Probation
Biblical times, but in U.S. (The Shoe cobbler who bailed out drunkards)
History of Parole
French meaning “Word of Honor” a means to release prisoners of war who promises not to continue to fight.
Eligibility for Probation/Parole
- Seriousness of offense
- Weapons
- Prisoners record
- Previous success of Probation
Probation/Parole Violations
Technical Violation (missing a meeting, not paying fees, failing drug test)
Substantive Violation (committing another crime)
Revocation
Revoking parole/probation for the purpose of returning offender to prison
Parole Eligibility
Same as probation
Parole Rights
Before losing parole one must be notified of alleged violations, preliminary hearing, a neural body to head evidence (14th)
Front End Duties
Offenders with a prison sentence. For probation officers
Back End Duties
Supervising offenders who have been released from prison. Parole officer.
Caseload
Number of active clients maintained by parole/probation officer
Intermediate Sanctions
Forms of punishment between prison and parole (house arrest)
Types of Intermediate Sanctions
1.) Intensive Supervision
(Stricter supervision, constant contact with officers, and drug tests)
- ) House Arrest
- ) Electronic Monitoring
- ) Shock Probation (Stay in jail for a few weeks, then stay on parole to shock them)
- ) Boot Camp (short term jail that’s rigorous)
- ) Day Reporting Centers (offer sets report to 1-2 times a day)
Parents Patriae
The state is the ultimate parent
Loco Parentis
The state will act in place of parents if parents can’t provide for their children
Idealistic Contrasts
The different ways we treat children more lenient that adults in court
Underlying Principles of Juvenile Court
- ) Presumption of Innocence (state has to prove child’s guilt)
- ) Presumption of Least Involvement With the System (state must show there’s a good reason to get involved)
- ) Presumption of Best Interests (must operate in best interests of the child)
Presumption of Innocence
Burden on the state to prove minor has committed a crime.
Goals of Juvenile System
- ) Separation from Adults
- ) Youth Confidentiality (keep proceedings secret so we enforce the beliefs that they will mature)
- ) Community Based Corrections (want kids in the community, so probation is popular)
- ) Individualized Justice of Minors (each case is viewed separately)
Why Juvenile Commit Crime?
- ) Family Dysfunction
- ) Drug Use
- ) Socioeconomic Class
- ) Academic Achievement
School to Prison Pipeline
Certain policies (suspension) push children out of classrooms and into crime and prison
Youth Gang
A gang, aged 12-24
Combatting Youth Gangs
Targeted Patrols, Gang Unit Officer, Gang Task Force
Court Decisions of Juveniles
- ) Right to Counsel
- ) Double Jeopardy
- ) Miranda Warning
- ) No Executions Under 18
- ) No Life Without Parole
Terrorism Definition
unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or civilians
Cyberterrorism
One of the fastest growing, perpetrated by China for theft of Americans
Bioterrorism
Attacks using chemical or biological agents
Mentally ill and Police
20%-40% of police calls include a mentally ill person
New Asylum
The idea of prisons taking in more mentally ill people than psychiatric institutions. 50% in jail are ill. Mental health courts helped a little.
Process of Case Flow
- Law enforcement
(Decide whether to take child into custody or to divert them to alternative programs) - Diversion
(Non-law enforcement agency may divert by dismissing charges or handle informally - drug counseling, curfew, school attendance) - Detention
(Hold delinquents in a secure detention facility within 24 hours) - Case (charges) filed
(In criminal or juvenile court) - Disposition (an outcome of a criminal or juvenile court process signifying that the matter is completed)
- Residential placement
(May be for a specific or indeterminate ordered time period) - Aftercare
(Juvenile is under supervision of the court or the juvenile corrections department)
