Exam 2 Flashcards
Sherif (England)
Maintain law and order
Constable (England)
Collecting taxes, supervising highways, serving as magistrate
Coroner (England)
Determine cause of death
3 Eras of Police
- Political Era (Police and Politicians work together)
- Reform Era (Emphasis on numbers of: response time, citations and vehicle improvements)
- Community Era (More emphasis on community and building a bond between police and citizens)
Federal Agencies, and What They Do?
Homeland Security protects the homeland
(ICE, TSA, Coast Guard, Secret Service)
Department of Justice is headed by attorney general
(FBI, ATF, DEA)
Recruit Training
Once admitted to academy, person must go through several training: classes, physical, psychological
Recruit Screening
The exams and procedures one may have to go through prior to joining
Sixth Sense
A sense of suspicion
Field Training
A veteran officer looking over a rookie for a few weeks of on the job training
Working Personality
A personality to make a good officer such as (Danger, Authority and 12 others)
4 Tasks of Policing
- Enforce the Laws (Very small time actually doing this in the job)
- Welfare Tasks (Delivering blood, assisting firefighters, reporting potholes, etc.)
- Prevent Crime (Going on random patrols to prevent crime)
- Protecting the Innocent (Investigations to remove innocent suspects)
Watchman Style
Uses law to give people what they deserve
Legalistic Style
Uses law to punish
Service Style
Views the officer as a “teacher” Protects against minor threats (teenagers)
Patrol Effectiveness
More patrol didn’t have an effect on crime, response time or anything (Kansas study)
Full Enforcement
A myth that police are able to enforce all the laws, as there isn’t enough time
4 Stressors of Policing
- Organizational and administrative practices
- The criminal justice system
- The public
- Stress intrinsic to police work itself.
Discretion
Officer determines weather or not to act
State Agencies
SWAT (A higher form of police)
Public Safety (General arrests and police duties)
State Bureau of Investigation (The states FBI)
FBI
Protects against terrorism
CIA is or isn’t Separate?
The CIA is it’s own entity
Full Enforcement
It’s a myth, officers can’t enforce everything, there’s not enough time
Investigation
There’s no perfect crime. Locates Principle says there will be evidence left by the criminal
Use of Force
The amount of effort required to make a suspect comply
Police Brutality
Unnessasary use of force on citizens resulting in injury
Militarization
The use of military equipment and tactics by police
Developing Harmony
Building a relationship between police and citizens
Torts
An infliction of injury on one person by another
3 Kinds of Torts
Intention: Engaging in an act that has a high likelihood to injure another
Constitution: Not recognizing another’s constitutional rights
Negligence: A CJ employees conduct creates danger to others
Section 1983
US code that allows legal action against an officer who abused their power to violate civil rights
Vicarious Liability
Suing not only the primary actors, but those involved like administrators (casting a big net)
General Areas of Liability
Proximate Clause: A factor that contributed heavily to an event
Persons in Custody: Police have legal obligation to keep those in their possession free of harm
Failure to Protect: Police place someone in jeopardy, giving away a location of battered woman
Vehicle Pursuits: inherently cause potential for danger. Suspect must present a threat to other’s safety
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
Exclusionary Rule
Evidence obtained improperly cannot be used in trial
Probable Cause
A reasonable bias to believe a crime has or will be committed. What an officer needs to obtain a warrant.
Arrests With and Without Warrants
With: Must obtain one to search and seize
Without: Exigent Circumstances where immediate action is required to prevent danger (escaping criminal)
Stop and Frisk
A New York policy found unconstitutional that allowed officers to stop and frisk potential suspects
Terry vs Ohio
Police may detain a person briefly for questioning with no probable cause, if they have reasonable suspicion
Reasonable Suspicion
A hunch that a person may be involved in a crime. Lower standard that probable cause
Plain View
Officer may seize contraband if he finds it in plain view
Consent to Search
An officer may search if one voluntarily consents the officer to do so
Electronic Surveillance
Violates a reasonable expectation of privacy, not allowed
5th Amendment
You don’t have to speak or self incriminate yourself
Miranda Warning Must Be…
Given right before Custody and Interrogation
Unless there’s is immediate danger (Boston Bomber)
6th Amendment
The right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury
Powell vs Alabama
When accused is poor and illiterate the state will provide them a defense and due process
