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CJ-110 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Consensus Theory

A

Society functions as a result of a groups agreement and consensus

Locke

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2
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Working class is exploited by the ruling class

Rousseau

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3
Q

Offenders Pathway

A

The possible outcomes for a criminal

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4
Q

Probable Cause

A

Information that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a crime

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5
Q

Wedding Cake

A

Celebrated Cases

Serious Felonies

Lesser Felonies

Misdemeanors

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6
Q

Discretion

A

Make decisions on the law based on ones judgement

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7
Q

Crime Control

A

Views CJ: Assembly Line

Main Goal: Controlling Crime

Emphasized: Speed and Finality

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8
Q

Due Process

A

Views CJ: Obstacle Course

Main Goal: Protecting Defendant’s Rights

Emphasized: Reliability (Same Results)

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9
Q

Cake: Celebrated Cases

A

Celebrity cases. Often televised. Court makes extra sure to not give preferential treatment.

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10
Q

Cake: Serious Felonies

A

Violent crimes often on unknown victims. Heavy punishment.

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11
Q

Cake: Lesser Felonies

A

Typically non-violent and offender often can know victim.

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12
Q

Cake: Misdemeanors

A

90% of all cases.

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13
Q

Stare Decisis

A

Once a court lays down a law, that other courts will adhere to that president

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14
Q

Criminal Law

A

Applying to criminal matters

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15
Q

Civil Law

A

Between two parties such as a divorce

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16
Q

Burden of Proof

A

To prove the defendant guilt beyond reasonable doubt

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17
Q

Reasonable Doubt

A

After hearing evidence, Jurors poses enough moral certainty that charges are true

They may still have doubts, but to the extent its affect a “reasonable person”

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18
Q

Substantive Law

A

Written law defining criminal acts

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19
Q

Procedural Law

A

Procedures and mechanisms for processing crime

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20
Q

Essential Elements of a Crime

A

Mens Reus (Guilty Mind)

Intent

Motive

The Act

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21
Q

Misdemeanor Charges

A

Incarceration less than a year in jail

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22
Q

Felonies Charge

A

Punishable by death and over a year in prison

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23
Q

First Degree Murder

A

Intentional killing with premeditation and deliberation

24
Q

Seconds Degree Murder

A

Intentional, but impulsive

25
Q

Felony Murder Rule

A

Committing a felony, and unintentionally killing someone, may be charged 1st Degree

26
Q

Manslaughter vs Involuntary Manslaughter

A

Accidental killings

Voluntary: Killing without “cooling off”

Involuntary: Killing negligently

27
Q

Affirmative Defense

A

Defense admits guilt, but explains reasons why he did it

28
Q

Excuses

A
  1. Age
  2. Entrapment
  3. intoxication
  4. Duress
  5. Mistake of Fact
  6. Insanity
29
Q

Motive

A

Why he did it?

30
Q

Intent

A

What’s the purpose or goal of it?

31
Q

UCR

A

Uniform Crime Reporting 16,000 agencies participate

32
Q

Crime Rate

A

( # of Crimes/Population) x 100,000

33
Q

Classical Theorists

A

People have free will to choose to be lawful or criminal by weighing cost and benefits.

Prevention over punishment

Becarria

34
Q

Positivist Theorists

A

Science can be used to explain criminal behaviors, not free will.

Lombroso

35
Q

Biological Theory

A

Criminals are affected because of the way they were born this way (Crimonogenic)

36
Q

Psychology Theory

A

Criminals act because of their affected mental state

37
Q

Sociological Theory

A

Criminals act because of their society and surroundings

38
Q

Hierarchy Rule

A

UCR only reports most serious crimes

39
Q

Learnings Theory

A

Social learning processes that can turn you into a criminal

40
Q

Control Theory

A

People are rational, and will maximize pleasure and minimize pain

41
Q

NCVS

A

Randomly samples many homes to collect criminal data and do interviews every two years

42
Q

Who’s Victimized?

A

Women, youth, non-white, poor people

43
Q

Dentological Ethics

A

The study of ones duty to act. When police see law violation, they must act

44
Q

Absolute Ethics

A

Good or bad, two sides

45
Q

Relative Ethics

A

Shades of grey, multitude is sides

46
Q

Principle of Double Effect

A

Might have to do something bad to get to the good end

47
Q

Noble Cause Corruption

A

Committing an unethical act for the greater good

48
Q

Meat Eater Corruption

A

Seeking out corruptions and bribes and such

49
Q

Grass Eater Corruption

A

Just accepting an “falling into” Corruption

50
Q

Law Enforcement Oath of Honor

A

A code for police. Made shorter as to remember easier is ethical quandaries

51
Q

Accepted Lying

A

Police activities intended to apprehend a suspect

52
Q

Deviant Lying

A

A police officer lying to convict a suspect

53
Q

Gratuities

A

Police takings loans, free food, services, etc. some stations consider it bad other’s don’t

54
Q

Ethics Reform Act

A

Addressed ethical concerns that affect their impartiality such as bribes, gifts, for federal employees

55
Q

Whistleblower Protection Act

A

Worker believes that heir disclosure shows a violation of law

Strengthened Ethics Reform Act

56
Q

Slippery Slope

A

Treat into unacceptable illegal behavior because we let some things slide.

CJ-110 (4 decks)

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