Exam 1

Question 1

Consensus Theory

Answer 1

Society functions as a result of a groups agreement and consensus

Locke

Question 2

Conflict Theory

Answer 2

Working class is exploited by the ruling class

Rousseau

Question 3

Offenders Pathway

Answer 3

The possible outcomes for a criminal

Question 4

Probable Cause

Answer 4

Information that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a crime

Question 5

Wedding Cake

Answer 5

Celebrated Cases

Serious Felonies

Lesser Felonies

Misdemeanors

Question 6

Discretion

Answer 6

Make decisions on the law based on ones judgement

Question 7

Crime Control

Answer 7

Views CJ: Assembly Line

Main Goal: Controlling Crime

Emphasized: Speed and Finality

Question 8

Due Process

Answer 8

Views CJ: Obstacle Course

Main Goal: Protecting Defendant’s Rights

Emphasized: Reliability (Same Results)

Question 9

Cake: Celebrated Cases

Answer 9

Celebrity cases. Often televised. Court makes extra sure to not give preferential treatment.

Question 10

Cake: Serious Felonies

Answer 10

Violent crimes often on unknown victims. Heavy punishment.

Question 11

Cake: Lesser Felonies

Answer 11

Typically non-violent and offender often can know victim.

Question 12

Cake: Misdemeanors

Answer 12

90% of all cases.

Question 13

Stare Decisis

Answer 13

Once a court lays down a law, that other courts will adhere to that president

Question 14

Criminal Law

Answer 14

Applying to criminal matters

Question 15

Civil Law

Answer 15

Between two parties such as a divorce

Question 16

Burden of Proof

Answer 16

To prove the defendant guilt beyond reasonable doubt

Question 17

Reasonable Doubt

Answer 17

After hearing evidence, Jurors poses enough moral certainty that charges are true

They may still have doubts, but to the extent its affect a “reasonable person”

Question 18

Substantive Law

Answer 18

Written law defining criminal acts

Question 19

Procedural Law

Answer 19

Procedures and mechanisms for processing crime

Question 20

Essential Elements of a Crime

Answer 20

Mens Reus (Guilty Mind)

Intent

Motive

The Act

Question 21

Misdemeanor Charges

Answer 21

Incarceration less than a year in jail

Question 22

Felonies Charge

Answer 22

Punishable by death and over a year in prison

Question 23

First Degree Murder

Answer 23

Intentional killing with premeditation and deliberation

Question 24

Seconds Degree Murder

Answer 24

Intentional, but impulsive

Question 25

Felony Murder Rule

Answer 25

Committing a felony, and unintentionally killing someone, may be charged 1st Degree

Question 26

Manslaughter vs Involuntary Manslaughter

Answer 26

Accidental killings Voluntary: Killing without "cooling off" Involuntary: Killing negligently

Question 27

Affirmative Defense

Answer 27

Defense admits guilt, but explains reasons why he did it

Question 28

Excuses

Answer 28

1. Age 2. Entrapment 3. intoxication 4. Duress 5. Mistake of Fact 6. Insanity

Question 29

Motive

Answer 29

Why he did it?

Question 30

Intent

Answer 30

What's the purpose or goal of it?

Question 31

UCR

Answer 31

Uniform Crime Reporting 16,000 agencies participate

Question 32

Crime Rate

Answer 32

( # of Crimes/Population) x 100,000

Question 33

Classical Theorists

Answer 33

People have free will to choose to be lawful or criminal by weighing cost and benefits. Prevention over punishment Becarria

Question 34

Positivist Theorists

Answer 34

Science can be used to explain criminal behaviors, not free will. Lombroso

Question 35

Biological Theory

Answer 35

Criminals are affected because of the way they were born this way (Crimonogenic)

Question 36

Psychology Theory

Answer 36

Criminals act because of their affected mental state

Question 37

Sociological Theory

Answer 37

Criminals act because of their society and surroundings

Question 38

Hierarchy Rule

Answer 38

UCR only reports most serious crimes

Question 39

Learnings Theory

Answer 39

Social learning processes that can turn you into a criminal

Question 40

Control Theory

Answer 40

People are rational, and will maximize pleasure and minimize pain

Question 41

NCVS

Answer 41

Randomly samples many homes to collect criminal data and do interviews every two years

Question 42

Who's Victimized?

Answer 42

Women, youth, non-white, poor people

Question 43

Dentological Ethics

Answer 43

The study of ones duty to act. When police see law violation, they must act

Question 44

Absolute Ethics

Answer 44

Good or bad, two sides

Question 45

Relative Ethics

Answer 45

Shades of grey, multitude is sides

Question 46

Principle of Double Effect

Answer 46

Might have to do something bad to get to the good end

Question 47

Noble Cause Corruption

Answer 47

Committing an unethical act for the greater good

Question 48

Meat Eater Corruption

Answer 48

Seeking out corruptions and bribes and such

Question 49

Grass Eater Corruption

Answer 49

Just accepting an "falling into" Corruption

Question 50

Law Enforcement Oath of Honor

Answer 50

A code for police. Made shorter as to remember easier is ethical quandaries

Question 51

Accepted Lying

Answer 51

Police activities intended to apprehend a suspect

Question 52

Deviant Lying

Answer 52

A police officer lying to convict a suspect

Question 53

Gratuities

Answer 53

Police takings loans, free food, services, etc. some stations consider it bad other's don't

Question 54

Ethics Reform Act

Answer 54

Addressed ethical concerns that affect their impartiality such as bribes, gifts, for federal employees

Question 55

Whistleblower Protection Act

Answer 55

Worker believes that heir disclosure shows a violation of law Strengthened Ethics Reform Act

Question 56

Slippery Slope

Answer 56

Treat into unacceptable illegal behavior because we let some things slide.