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Lifespan Development > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a developmental testing ground?

A

a time for devoting full attention to exploring alternative values, roles, and behaviors

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2
Q

Crisis during early adulthood

A

intimacy vs. isolation

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3
Q

what is the idea behind intimacy vs. isolation?

A

idea that at this time in a persons life, they begin to become more intimate/close with others and see more long term relationships outside the family. Successfully doing this results in commitment, comfort, and safety within the relationship. Failure to do she leads to isolation which could cause depression and loneliness

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4
Q

Describe the social clock

A

idea of age-grades expectations for major life events such as beginning a first job, getting married, birth of kids, etc. ring off-time causes people to feel inadequately grounded and unsure of what others expect and what to expect of themselves. Being ‘on-time’ fosters confidence and social stability

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5
Q

Describe Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

A

Has three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment. The more components that a relationship has the stronger that it will be

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6
Q

What age range does “middle adulthood” refer to?

A

40-65

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7
Q

Changes to vision during middle adulthood

A

structural changes, loss of rods and cones, increased risk of glaucoma and presbyopia

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8
Q

Glaucoma

A

pressure build-up

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9
Q

Presbyopia

A

trouble adjusting focus

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10
Q

Changes to hearing during middle adulthood

A

around 50 years old: hearing loss @ high frequency

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11
Q

Changes to skin during middle adulthood

A

wrinkles start @ 30, skin looses elasticity and begins to sag, age spots increase after 50

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12
Q

Muscle and fat changes during middle adulthood

A

more body fat, less muscle and bone. Size of abdomen increases, differences in fat distribution between males and females

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13
Q

Changes in bone during middle adulthood

A

gradual loss in bone mass

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14
Q

What is climacteric?

A

transition in which fertility decreases

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15
Q

Reproductive changes in men and women

A

females: decline occurs over 10 year period, menopause marks end of fertility
males: reduced sperm and semen over age 40, gradual testosterone reduction, but sexual activity stimulates production

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16
Q

What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood?

A

cancer and cardiovascular disease

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17
Q

Osteoporosis

A

severe bone loss

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18
Q

Be able to name/describe 2 of the 9 ways the book lists to manage stress.

A

exercise and picking priorities

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19
Q

Why is accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular disease a concern in women?

A

Its considered a men’s disease so women are overlooked all the time

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20
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

knowledge. skills that depend on: accumulated knowledge, experience, good judgement, mystery of social conventions

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21
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

(speed of recall/knowledge)

depends on basic info processing skills, detecting relationships among stimuli, analytical speed, working memory

22
Q

what are cognitive losses as we age?

A

speed of processing declines.

working memory capacity declines.

attention-related processes decline

23
Q

Neural Network View

A

idea that you’re losing synapses between neurons in the brain and the brain is created adaptations between other neurons causing brain processing to slow down

24
Q

Information-Loss View

A

information dropping out of memory information processing stages

25
Q

What is practical problem solving?

A

common sense problem solving, increases as we age

26
Q

What is expertise?

A

huge knowledge in ONE subject, leads to better problem solving, increases as we age

27
Q

conflict of middle adulthood

A

generatively vs. stagnation

28
Q

what is generatively vs. stagnation?

A

sense of going back vs. becoming isolated, selfish, and not sharing knowledge

29
Q

Describe the four developmental tasks of middle adulthood, according to Levinson (page 425).

A

**

30
Q

Midlife crisis

A

re-evalation of life goals, happens but isn’t a crisis like seen on tv

31
Q

What is the sandwich generation?

A

adults who are taking care of their aging parents while still taking care of their kids that are at home

32
Q

How is caring for chronically ill parent or disabled parent different from caring for a child?

A

awkward gap between being authoritative figure and still being a child

33
Q

• How does the self-concept and possible selves change in middle adulthood?

A

self concept reflects knowledge that life doesn’t last forever,

possible selves: feel more self acceptance, possible selves decrease and become more realistic

34
Q

What are skipped-generation families? Make sure to read that box in the book.

A

grandparents take care of grandchildren

35
Q

What is the current life expectancy of our generation?

A

78.5

36
Q

What is a maximum lifespan?

A

How long (genetically) a human can sustain life

37
Q

What is average healthy life expectancy?

A

How long you live WHILE you are healthy (free of disease and injury)

38
Q

Describe the basic changes in vision, hearing, skin, muscles, cardiovascular, senses, and immune systems, and sleep during late adulthood.

A
  • vision: development of cataracts and molecular degeneration
  • hearing: high frequency loss, stiffening of membranes
  • taste & smell decrease
  • height and weight decrease
  • sleep requirements lessen slightly, troubles falling asleep and staying asleep
39
Q

Cataracts

A

cloudy lense

40
Q

Molecular Degeneration

A

loss of central vision

41
Q

Assistive Technologies

A

anything that helps you adjust to physical changes due to aging

ex) the machine that allows people to put on and take off socks without bending over

42
Q

Primary Aging

A

genetically influenced decline

43
Q

Secondary Aging

A

declines due to heredity and environment

44
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions

Symptoms: mental decline, confusion toward evening hours, aggression, meaningless repetition of words, anger, mood swings, depression, hallucinations

Leads to nerve cell death and tissue loss in brain

Risk Factors: age, family history

Protective Factors: Nutrition, health care

45
Q

Crisis during late adulthood

A

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

46
Q

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

A

Ego Integrity: feel whole, complete, satisfied with achievements, serenity and contentment, associated with psychosocial maturity

Despair: feel many decisions were wrong, but now time is too short. Bitter and unaccepting of coming death. Expressed as anger and contempt for others

47
Q

What is reminiscence?

A

telling stories about people, events, thoughts, and feelings of past

48
Q

How can reminiscence and life review be positive and/or negative?

A

self focused: can deepen despair
other-focused: solidifies relationship
knowledge based: helps solve problems

49
Q

What types of factors do people consider when deciding to retire or to continue working?

A

money, disabilities, health

50
Q

How do people adjust to retirement?

A

People who retire adjust better if it was their choice, not so well if they were forced into it

51
Q

The book discusses social theories of aging that explain changes in aging adults’ social activity: disengagement theory, activity theory, continuity theory, and socioemotional selectivity theory. Describe all four theories.

A

**

Lifespan Development (4 decks)

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