Exam 4 Flashcards
Protostome
For animals with this type of development, the mouth generally develops from the blastopore; they also have a ventral nervous system and spiral cleavage
Deuterostome
For animals with this type of development, the blastopore Becomes the anus; they also have a dorsal nervous system and radial cleavage
Ectoderm
A layer of tissue that gives rise to the outer covering
Indeterminate
A cleavage type in which each cell in the early embryo retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
Triploblastic
This type of embryos have an endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm tissue layers
Pseudocoelomates
Have a body cavity only partially lined by tissue derived from mesoderm
Bilateral
In animal with this type of symmetry has a dorsal side and ventral side; anterior and posterior sides; this symmetry is strongly correlated with cephalization
Ecdysozoa
Animals that secrete external skeleton’s
Tunicates
Adults of this committee group lose almost all of their chordate characteristics
Endoderm
A layer of tissue that gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract in the organs derived from it, such as the liver in the lungs
Lancelates
Adults of this primitive group retain the key chordate characteristics
Neural Crest
In Craniates, this group of embryonic cells disperse through the body and contribute to the formation of various structures, including teeth and bones of the skull
Hagfishes
These transitional animals have a skull but lack jaws
Lateral line system
A row of microscopic organs in gnathostomes that is sensitive to vibrations in surrounding water
Chondrichthyes
This group of animals has relatively flexible endoskeleton’s made of cartilage
Dorsal
This type of fins provide stabilization for sharks
Sharks
Most are carnivores, but the largest or suspension feeders. They move by lateral undulation
Rays
Move by vertical undulation
Lobe- finned
These fishes have jointed fins
Lung fishes
Have both gills and lungs
Oviparous
This type of sharks encase there eggs in protective cases and leave them outside the body
Ovoviviparous
These sharks retain fertilized eggs in the oviduct
Osteichthyes
This group has an ossified skeleton with a hard matrix of calcium
Tetrapods
The most significant characteristic of these animals is the presence of four limbs. Living members of this group do not have pharyngeal gill slits
Anurans
Poisonous species of this group are more likely to be brightly colored
Paedomorphosis
The retention of some larval features in a sexually mature adult
Amphibians
This group of animals has small lungs and most of them also exchange gases through their skins. This term means two lives, a reference to the metamorphosis of the many frogs from the aquatic stage of a tadpole to the adult terrestrial stage
Reptiles
This group of animals has a tough skin impermeable to water and kidneys that concentrate urine. Therefore, there skins cannot be organs of gas exchange and they almost entirely dependent on lungs for gas exchange
Amphibian eggs
Must be kept in a moist environment
Reptile eggs
Have a tough shell, often calcium impregnated, that does not require a moist environment
Bird
These animals have a proportionately larger brain then crocodiles, mainly because of the cerebellum, which is the center of sight in muscular coordination in the brain
Altricial
This type of offspring of birds hatched at a relatively helpless stage . Robins and blue jays.
Precoclal
This type of offspring of birds can feed them selves shortly after hatching. Chickens and ducks.
Ectotherms
Non-bird reptiles exhibit this characteristic but birds are endotherm
Snakes
These animals have chemical sensors, ground vibration sensors and Olfactory organs
Birds
The skeleton of these animals weigh about the same as a Skelton of similar sized animals
Pectoral
These muscles are anchored to a keel on the sternum and provide the power for flapping the wings
Mammals
These animals generally have a larger brain than other vertebrates of equivalent size. This group of animals is unique in supplying their young with nutrition via mammary glands, having an embryo develop in the uterus after fertilization in the females body, and it is gestation period. Which is a period of development within the females body
Monotremes
Babies of this group lap milk from the mothers fur
Eutherian
This group of muumuus has a longer period of pregnancy then marsupials
Anthropoid
This so group includes monkeys, apes and humans
Arboreal
Describes Gibbons and orangutans
Sponges
Sessile animals that lack true tissues
Polyp
A cnidarian sessile stage; hydras exist only in this form
Medusa
A cnidarian free-swimming stage; jellies typically exhibit this form
Choanocytes
Feeding cells lining the insides of sponges; resemble protists called choanolagelleayes
Cnidocytes
Structures on the tentacles of some cnidarians used to defend the animal or to capture prey
Immunological Camouflage
Used by blood flukes (trematodes) to evade the immune system of hosts
Tapeworms
Parasites consisting of a series of proglottids and scolex, which attaches it to the host
Parthenogenesis
A type of reproduction exhibited by some rotifers that exist only as females and produce females as unfertilized eggs
Brachiopods
These animals have dorsal/ventral shell halves
Bivalves
These animals have have lateral shell halves
Ectoprocts
Clonial animals that resemble plants; lophophores extend through pores of exoskeleton
Coelomates
Have a body cavity that develops within the mesoderm, is completely lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm, and is enclosed on the inside and outside by muscles
