Exam 1 Flashcards
Prokaryotes
Single celled organism
Gradualism
Occurrence over a period of time
Eukaryotes
Multicellular organism
Speciation
Genetic changes over time
Phylogeny
Classification of organisms
Anaerobes
Do not require oxygen to live
Evolution
Scientific viewpoint
Creationism
Religious viewpoint
Aerobes
Require oxygen to live
Linnaeus
Binomial nomenclature
Heterotrophic
Autotrophy
Organisms called mixotrophs can obtain nutrients and energy from
Diplomonads
Protists that have two equal size nuclei and multiple flagella
Parabasalids
They have flagella and an undulating membrane
Kinetoplastid
Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness and uses a “bait-and-switch” tatic to avoid detection by its hosts antibodies and it is a
Apicomplexan
In organism that is a parasite that causes malaria and has a complex of organelles at one end used for attacking pray belongs in the
Euglenid
An autotrophic/photosynthetic organism that has a light detector and chloroplast as well as two flagella
Dinoflagellate
An organism with two flagella arranged on perpendicular grooves and emits a bioluminescent glow when disturbed
Ciliate
A paramecium is a good example of a And exhibits many hair like cilia on its surface. Conjugation and reproduction are separate parts of their life cycle
Stramenopiles
A group that has both hairy and smooth flagella
Alveolates
Have membrane bound sacs beneath the plasma membrane
Euglenozoans
Have flagella with internal spiral or crystalline rods
Golden Algae
Algal group having yellow and brown carotenoids and are photosynthetic
Brown Algae
These are photosynthetic and are the largest and most complex of the stramenopile group
Diatoms
Organisms having silica wall and during mitosis the organism splits and each half generates a new half to fit
Oomycetes
These cause potato blight and tend to be decomposers and parasites
Cercozoans
Radiolarians
Have thread like pseudopodia
Amoebozoans
Have lobe-shaped pseudopodia
Cellular
Slime molds can function as single cells or can form aggregates of cells that function as a unit if food is depleted
Plasmodial
Slime molds are brightly pigmented and have a single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei
Green Algae
Are photosynthetic and contain many chloroplasts
Red Algae
Are photosynthetic and contain phycoerythrin
Lichen
Symbiotic relationship between fungus and algae
Usually neither can grow on their own
Can grow and harsh environment due to relationship, fungus gets water and minerals and other carries out photosynthesis
Micorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi
Fungus helps obtain more nutrients by increasing surface area, plant also provides nutrients.
Exoenzymes
Hydrolytic enzymes released by fungi into their surroundings
Chitin
Component of fungi cell walls
Parasites
Absorbs nutrients for living hosts
Saprobes
Absorb of nutrients from dead matter
Mycelium
An interwoven mass of fungal hyphae that surrounds the material on which the fungus feeds
Septa
An incomplete cross wall dividing hyphae into separate cells
Coenocytic cells
Cells that lack septa
Ectomycorrhiza
Wraps itself around the plant roots
Haustoria
Specialized hyphae that penetrate cell walls
Phermones
Responsible for attracting adjacent hyphae to different mating types
Plasmogamy
The union of the cytoplasm of two parent mycelium
Facultative fungi
Maybe grown without a host
Obligate Fungi
Must have a host
Lichens
A symbiotic association of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms held in a mass of fungal hyphae
Mychorrizae
A relationship between fungi and roots of plants
Karyogamy
Fusion of nuclei contributed by two fungi individuals
Dikaryon
A hyphae with two haploid nuclei
Chytrids
Unique among fungi and having flagellated spores called zoospores
Zygomycetes
Plasmogamy of these fungi produce is a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium
Basidiomycytes
Bear with spores on a pedestal
Ascomycetes
Bear with spores in a sac
Pilobolus
A zygomycete that uses a light spot to aim it’s sporangia toward a good food source
Miscorspordia
Unicellular parasites of animals and protist that do not have conventional mitochondria
Arbuscular
A distinct of endomycorrhizae formed by glomeromycetes
Soredia
Small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae
Gradualism
Profound geological changes took place through the cumulative effect of slow but continuous process identical to those currently operating
Artificial selection
The process of deliberate selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
Population
According to evolutionary Theory The smallest entity that can evolve
Homologus
Anatomical resemblance that represent variations on a structural seem present in a common ancestor
Gene flow
Movement of alleles among populations
Genetics Drift
Allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictability from one generation to the next
Stabilizing
The type of selection occurs in both the smallest and largest individuals contribute if you were offspring the next generation
Disruptive
The largest and smallest individuals contribute more offspring than those at the middle
Quantitative
Characters such as height are those the vary along a continua within a population
Biological species concept
Defining a species as a population whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable fertile offspring
Macroevolution
Evolutionary changes resulting in a speciation
Microevolution
Study of adaptive changes within a population
Prezygotic
spatial isolation is an example of this barrier
Postzygotic
Does not develop into a viable fertile adult or if the hybrids are vigorous yet sterile
Ecological species concept
Defining a species in terms of the set of environmental resources they species uses and it’s role in the biological community
Horizontal gene transfer
The movement of genes from one genome to another
