Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 182 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Etiolating

A

Plants growing in the dark exhibit these characteristic s: being pale, bearing unexpended leaves, and lacking elongated roots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Location of the receptor involved inde etiolation which is a phytochrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transduction

A

The second step in the he general model for signiling pathway. First and third are reception and response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Second messengers

A

Small internally produce chemicals that transfer and amplify the signal from the receptor to proteins that cause the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Post translation modification

A

Activation of existing enzyme molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormone

A

A compound in minute amounts in one part of the body and transported to another part of the body where it triggers a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Auxin

A

In a symmetrical distribution of this substance moving down from the Coleoptile
causes cells on the darker side to Elongate faster than cells on the lighter side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Relative

A

A plants response to a hormone usually is more dependent on its concentration _______to other hunters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Expansins

A

Acidification of the cell walls activate enzymes activity by acidification of cell walls brief the cross-links between cellulose microfibrils and other cell wall constituents, loosening the cell walls fabric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gibberellins

A

Stimulates growth of grapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blue light receptors

A

One of the two major classes of light receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromophore

A

Absorption of red light by phytochrome converts this to it’s Pfrare form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Cycles with a frequency that is about 24 hours and not directly paste by any known environmental variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Short day plant

A

A plant that requires a light period Shorter than some critical length in order to flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vernalization

A

Pretreatment of a plant with cold temperatures to induce flowering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive

A

A type of gravitropism in which growth follows the force of gravity; displayed by roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Negative

A

A type of gravitropism in which growth goes against the force of gravity; displayed by shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thigmotropism

A

Directional growth in response to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ultimate

A

These questions address the evolutionary significance of behavioral responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Proximate

A

These quesrions focus on the enviromentalsti,uli to a trigger a behavior and these genetic/physiological/anatomical mechamis, that govern the behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fixed Action pattern

A

A sequence of unlearned behavior asts that is essentially unchangeable and is usually carried to completion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Imprinting

A

A type of behavior that includes both learning and innate components and it’s generally irreversible. In this behavior the young offspring can be taught to follow something other then the parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Taxis

A

A more or less automatic, oriented movement toward or away from stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Kinesis

A

A simple change in activity in response to some stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tactile

A

One of several ways that animals communicate. Other ways include: ___________

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemical substances important in animal communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Habituation

A

A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Learning

A

The modificatiom of behavior as a result of specific experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Spatial

A

A type of learning in which behavior is modified based on experience with the spatial structure of an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Associative

A

A type of learning in which the animals much one feature varmint, A stimulus such as color, With another, such as taste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Optional foraging theory

A

Feeding behavior as a compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of getting food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Monogamous

A

A type of relationship that involves one male mating with one female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Polygamous

A

A type of relationship that involves an individual of one sex mating wiwith several of another sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Polygyny

A

A relationship involving one male and many females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Polyandry

A

A relationship involving a one female and many males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Game theory

A

A message that evaluates alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends not only on each individual strategy but also on the strategies of other individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Altruism

A

A behavior that may reduce and individuals fitness that increase the fitness of other individuals in the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Mate choice copying

A

When individuals in a population copied the main choice of others, instead of some generally preferred type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Climograph

A

Plot of temperature and precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Abiotic

A

Components of an environment that include factors such as temperature,light, water, and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Ectone

A

An area of intergradation between one type of terrestrial ecosystem and another which may be represented by regions of overlap in climograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dispersal

A

The movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or area of origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Thermocline

A

A narrow stratum of rapid temperature change that separates a uniformly warm upper layer from a uniformly cold lower layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Distribution

A

The geographic range of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Photic

A

These zones receive sufficient light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Aphotic

A

These zones are deeper and do not receive enough light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Winter

A

Time of year when lakes in temperate regions have colder temperatures near the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Summer

A

Time of year when lakes in temperate regions have colder temperatures near the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Solstice

A

Time of year when one of the hemispheres tilts toward the sun and one tilts away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Equinox

A

Time of year when the equator directly faces the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Benthic

A

This zone is at the bottom of aquatic biomes and consists of sand and organic sediments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Ecosystem

A

Study of the entire community of different species, plus the abiotic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Population

A

Study of factors affecting how many individuals of a particular species live in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Organismal

A

Study of how an organisms structure and physiology fit the environment

56
Q

Biosphere

A

Study of the sum of all the planets ecosystems

57
Q

Community

A

Study of the whole array of interacting species in a community

58
Q

Streams and Rivers

A

Most prominent characteristic is current. Head waters have higher oxygen content and mouths have higher nutrient content.

59
Q

Lakes

A

Consist of oligotrophic or eutrophic types; may be a few meters squared to several kilometers squared

60
Q

Wetlands

A

An area covered with water for a long enough period to support aquatic plants

61
Q

Estuaries

A

Transition area between rivers and seas; characterized by complex flow patterns

62
Q

Oceanic Pelagic Biome

A

Vast realm of open blue water, constantly mixed

63
Q

Intertidal Zones

A

Periodically submerged and exposed by the tides

64
Q

Marine Benthic Zone

A

Consists of the seafloor below the surface waters

65
Q

Temperate Grasslands

A

Precipitation highly seasonal, cool except for summer; dominated by shrubs and small trees

66
Q

Tropical Forest

A

Rainfall is constant and temperatures are variable seasonally and daily

67
Q

Chaparral

A

Precipitation highly seasonal: winters cold, summers hot; dominated by grasses and forbs

68
Q

Coniferous Forest

A

Winters cold and long; dominated by cone bearing trees

69
Q

Savanna

A

Rainfall is seasonal, temperatures warm year-round; scattered trees

70
Q

Tundra

A

High wind and cold temperatures are warm year round

71
Q

Desert

A

Precipitation is low and temperatures are variable seasonally and daily

72
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

73
Q

Community

A

The group of individuals of all species living and interacting in the same general area

74
Q

Density

A

The number of individuals per unit area or volume

75
Q

Dispersion

A

The pattern of spacing among individuals with boundaries of the population

76
Q

Immigration

A

The influx of new individuals from other areas

77
Q

Emigration

A

The movement of individuals out of a population

78
Q

Uniform

A

A type of dispersion exhibited by animals as a result of antagonistic interactions

79
Q

Life Tables

A

Age specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

80
Q

Cohorts

A

Groups of individuals of the same age

81
Q

Semelparity

A

Demonstrated by organisms that save up for a long-period of time and produce a big, one shot effort of reproduction

82
Q

Iteroparity

A

This zone is at the bottom of aquatic biomes and consists of sand and organic sediments

83
Q

Exponential

A

Population growth under ideal conditions

84
Q

Logistic

A

A type of population growth in which the per capita rate of increase declines as carrying capacity is reached

85
Q

Density Dependent

A

Describes a death rate that rises as population density rises. Factors causing this type of response include

86
Q

Restoration ecology

A

Applies ecological principles in an effort to return degraded ecosystems to their natural pre degraded state

87
Q

Conservation Biology

A

Integrates ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics and and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity at all levels

88
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

One of the components of biodiversity. Others include

89
Q

Introduced Species

A

Can quickly disrupt an ecosystem because it’s normal competitors and predators are not in its new environment control its population

90
Q

Endangered Species

A

One that is in danger of extinction throughout all or significant portion of its range

91
Q

Habitat Destruction

A

One of the major threats to biodiversity. Others include:

92
Q

Overexploitation

A

Harvesting by humans of wild or animals exceeding their ability to reproduce and repopulate

93
Q

Fragmentation

A

Breaking up a large habitat area into smaller areas. The smaller areas may not be large enough to support the original community of species.

94
Q

Movement Corridor

A

Allows for exchange or mobility of animals small areas of habitat

95
Q

Minimum Viable Population

A

Smallest population at which a species is able to sustain its numbers and survive

96
Q

Biodiversity Hotspot

A

A relatively small areas in exceptional concentration of endemic species in a large number of endangered or threatened species

97
Q

Bioremediation

A

Use of living organisms, prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to detoxify polluted ecosystem

98
Q

Biological Augmentation

A

Uses organisms to add essential materials to degraded organisms

99
Q

Ecosystem

A

Consists of the community plus abiotic factors. Characterized by energy flow and chemical signaling

100
Q

Law of Conservation of energy

A

Energy can not be created or destroyed

101
Q

Eutrophication

A

Occurs in lakes polluted by excess amounts of nutrients

102
Q

Actual Evapotranspiration

A

Increases with the amount of precipitation in a region and amount of solar energy available

103
Q

Energy

A

Cannot be recycled, so an ecosystem must have a continuous influx of energy

104
Q

Primary Producers

A

This trophic level consists of autotrophs

105
Q

Primary Consumers

A

This trophic level consists of herbivores

106
Q

Secondary Consumers

A

Carnivores that eat herbivores

107
Q

Tertiary Consumers

A

Carnivores that eat carnivores

108
Q

Detritivores

A

Consumers that get their energy from nonliving organic material such as remains of dead organisms, feces, fallen leaves, and wood

109
Q

Green World Hypothesis

A

Herbivores consume relatively little plant biomass because they are held in check by limiting resources, predators, parasites and other forces.

110
Q

Net Primary Production

A

Equal to gross primary production minus energy for respiration.

111
Q

Organic Material

A

Decomposes faster in tropical rain forests than in temperate forests

112
Q

Biological Magnification

A

Toxins become more concentrated in successive trophic levels of the food web

113
Q

Competitive Exclusion Principle

A

One species uses resources more efficiently than another, eventually replacing that species

114
Q

Ecological niche

A

The sum total of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

115
Q

Fundamental niche

A

The conditions the organism would perfer: ideal

116
Q

Realized Niche

A

The conditions the organism actually occupies, possibly as a result of competition with another species

117
Q

Cryptic coloration

A

Makes an animal difficult to see

118
Q

Aposematic

A

Allows the animal to look like it might be harmful because bright colors are often associated with harmful organisms

119
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

When is harmless prey species mimics a harmful species, thereby promoting it’s own survival

120
Q

Species diversity

A

Made up of species richness and relative abundance

121
Q

Species richness

A

A measure of how many different species are present

122
Q

Relative abundance

A

How many of each species is present

123
Q

Energetic hypothesis

A

Suggest that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain. That is, so much energy is lost through each transfer that the energy is quickly depleted

124
Q

Dynamic stability hypothesis

A

Long food chains are less stable then short food chains and that small fluctuations a low levels are increasingly magnified with successive levels

125
Q

Dominant species

A

Those species in a community that are most abundant

126
Q

Keystone species

A

Not the most abundant species but they play pivotal ecological roles

127
Q

Facilitators

A

Ecosystem engineers species that physically alter the structure of the community

128
Q

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

A

This model suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can create conditions that fostered greater species diversity then low or high levels of disturbance

129
Q

Primary succession

A

Occurs in areas where soil has not yet formed or has been stripped away

130
Q

Secondary secession

A

Occurs when an existing community has been cleared by some community but the soil has been left intact

131
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

Consists of evaporation of water from soil and transpiration of water by plants

132
Q

Integrated hypothesis

A

Describes the community as a unit that function as a whole, partly because of the observation that certain species of plants are consistently found together

133
Q

Individualistic hypothesis

A

Describes the community of plants as a species that just happens to be in the same location because they have similar requirements

134
Q

Rivet model

A

Describes the species of the community is being tightly connected in a web of life that one species will suffer without the other species

135
Q

Redundancy model

A

Says that one species has little effect of the others it can easily be replaced by a different species

Bio 182 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions