Exam 4 Flashcards
In acute epiglottitis, using a tongue depressor could cause complete obstruction, T or F?
True
What croup syndrome is always considered a medical emergency?
Acute epiglottitis
In acute laryngeotracheobronchitis, the mother’s presence should be at the bedside to…
reduce anxiety and ease the child’s respiratory effort
Asthma is usually triggered by
a viral infection
In bronchial asthma, there is a…
heightened airway reactivity
Signs and symptoms of asthma
nonproductive cough and wheezing
What can develop with use of long-term inhaled steroids?
slowed growth
What do beta adrenergic agonists and methylxanthines do?
dilate the bronchioles
What sport can children with asthma participate in?
swimming
What medication is given in emergency treatment of an acute, severe asthma attack?
short acting beta 2 agonist
If a child has CF, both parents are…
carriers of the gene
What is the earliest manifestation of CF?
meconium ileus
What tests are used to diagnose CF?
sweat chloride test, stool for fat, and chest x-ray
Aerosolized bronchodilators should be given before..
chest physiotherapy
What is an adverse effect of DNase?
voice alters
How can pancreatic enzymes be given?
- swallowed whole
- sprinkled on top of a small amount of food eaten at the beginning of a meal
What kind of diet should a CF patient have?
High in carbohydrates and protein
Normal D-dimer levels
Less than 250 mcg/L
How long does the nurse have to apply pressure after an ABG?
at least 5 minutes
How often should you turn a tracheostomy patient?
every 2 hours
How long should trach suctioning last?
10 - 15 seconds
How is OME differentiated from AOM?
In OME, there is a feeling of fullness in the ear
What are two ways to prevent otitis media?
- keeping immunizations up to date
- avoid tobacco smoke
In AOM, the parents should…
administer all of the prescribed medication
What is the most common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?
cardiac valve damage
What is a clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever?
polyarthritis
What medication is given for therapeutic management in rheumatic fever?
Penicillin
What can school nurses do to aid in prevention of rheumatic fever?
Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures
What is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Streptococcus viridans
What type of nodes may appear on the fingertips in bacterial endocarditis?
Osler nodes
What is the main nursing intervention to prevent infective endocarditis?
Counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?
0.5-2
Therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes…
administration of gamma globulin and aspirin
What congenital heart defects increase pulmonary artery blood flow?
- atrial septal defect
- ventricular septal defect
- patent ductus arteriosus
What congenital heart defects decrease pulmonary artery blood flow?
coarctation of the aorta
What congenital heart defects decrease pulmonary blood flow?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What are the 4 structural defects in Tetralogy of Fallot?
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- overriding aorta
- pulmonic stenosis
- ventricular septal defect
S/S of heart failure after a repaired tetralogy of fallot
- decreased urine output
- inappropriate sweating
- fatigue
What position do you put an infant in that is having a hypercyanotic spell?
knee-chest position
What clinical manifestation of nasopharyngitis should a parent report to the physician?
Signs of earache
ACEIs
decrease preload
Angiotensin II
decrease preload
Beta blockers
decrease chronotropy, heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility
Ex: metaprolol
Diuretics
decrease preload and sodium and water retention
Digoxin
increases contractility
Nitrates
decreases afterload
