Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Exam 4-5 Bowel Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 4-5 Bowel Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diarrhea

A

Abnormal passage of feces with increased frequency, fluidity, and weight, or with increased feces water excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute diarrhea

A
  • Sudden onset in a previously health person
  • Lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks
  • Self-limiting
  • Resolves without sequelae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronic diarrhea

A
  • Lasts for more than 3 weeks
  • Associated with recurring passage of diarrheal feces, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and chronic weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of acute diarrhea

A

*Bacterial, viral, drug induced, nutritional factors, protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhea

A

*tumors, diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, Hyperthyroidism, Irritable bowel syndrome, AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antidiarrheals: Mechanism of Action

A

Adsorbents: Coat the walls of the GI tract
Bind to the causative bacteria or toxin, which is then eliminated through the feces
Examples: bismuth, subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), kaolin-pectin, activated charcoal, attapulgite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antidiarrheals: Mechanism of Action/Amtimotility drugs: anticholinergics

A
  • Decreased intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of GI tract
  • Result: slowing the movement of fecal matter through the GI tract
  • Examples: belladonna alkaloids, atropine, hyoscyamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antidiarrheals: Mechanism of Action Antimotility drugs: Opioids

A
  • Decrease intestinal motility and relieve rectal spasms
  • Slow transit through the intestines, allowing more time for water and electrolyte to be absorbed
  • Reduce pain by relief of rectal spasms
  • examples: paregoric, opium tincture, codeine, loperamide (OTC), diphenoxylate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antidiarrheals: Mechanism of Action: Intestinal flora modifiers

A
  • Probiotics or bacterial replacement drugs
  • Bacteria cultures of Lactobacillus organisms work by:
  • supplying missing bacteria to the GI tract
  • suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria
  • Example: L acidophilus (Lactinex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antidiarrheals: Comibination Products

A

Diphenoxylate and atropine

  • Diphenoxylate is combined with subtherapeutic amounts of atropine
  • This discourages recreational opioid use
  • Large dosages will result in extreme anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, abdominal pain, tachycardia, blurred vision)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antidiarrheals: Adverse Effects: Adsorbents

A
  • Increased bleeding time
  • Constipation, dark feces
  • Confusion, twitching
  • Hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antidiarrheals: Adverse Effects: Anticholinergics

A
  • Urinary retention, hesitancy, impotence
  • Headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, drowsiness
  • Dry skin, rash, flushing
  • Blurred vision, photophobia, increased intraocular pressure
  • Hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antidiarrheals: Adverse Effects

A

Opioids

  • drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, lethargy
  • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation
  • Respiratory depression
  • Hypotension
  • Urinary retention
  • flushing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Constipation

A
  • Abnormally infrequent and difficult passage of feces through the lower GI tract
  • Symptom, not a disease
  • Disorder of movement through the colon and/or rectum
  • Can be caused by a variety of diseases or drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Laxatives

A
  • bulk forming
  • emollient
  • hyperosmotic
  • saline
  • stimulant
  • peripherally acting opioid antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Laxatives: Mechanism of Action: Bulk forming

A

*High fiber
*Absorb water to increase bulk
*Distend intestines to initiate reflex intestinal activity
Examples: phyllium (Metamucil)
methylcellulose (Citrucel)

17
Q

Laxatives: Mechanism of Action: Emollient

A

*Stool softners and lubricants
*Promote more water and fat in the feces
*Lubricate the fecal material and intestinal walls
Examples: Fecal softeners: docusate salts (Colace, Surfak)
*Lubricants: mineral oil

18
Q

Laxatives: Mechanism of Action: Hyperosmotic

A

*Increase fecal water content
*Result: bowel distention, increased peristalsis, and evacuation
Examples:
-polyethylene glycol (GoLTELY)
-sorbitol, glycerin
-lactulose (also used to reduce elevated serum ammonia levels)

19
Q

Laxatives: Mechanism of Action: Saline

A

*Increase osmotic pressure within the intestinal tract, causing more water to enter the intestines
*Result: intestinal distention, increased peristalsis, and evacuation
Examples
-Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
-Magnesium citrate (Citroma)

20
Q

Laxatives: Mechanism of Action: Stimulant

A

*Increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation
Examples-
-senna (Senekot)
-bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

21
Q

Peripherally Acting Opioid: Antagonists

A
  • Treatment of constipation related to opioid use and bowel resection therapy
  • Allow bowel to function normally with continued opioid use
  • methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
  • alvimopan (Entereg)
22
Q

Laxatives: Indications: Bulk forming

A

Use/ acute and chronic constipation
Irritable bowel syndrome
Diverticulosis

23
Q

Laxatives: Indications: Emollient

A

Use/acute and chronic constipation

Softening of fecal impaction, facilitation of BMs in anorectal conditions

24
Q

Laxatives: Indications: Hyperosmotic

A

Use/Chronic constipation

Diagnostic and surgical preps

25
Q

Laxatives: Indications: Saline

A

Use/Constipation

Diagnostic and surgical preps

26
Q

Laxatives: Indications: Stimulant

A

Use/Acute constipation

Diagnostic and surgical preps

27
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Effects: Bulk forming

A
  • Impaction
  • Fluid overload
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Esophageal blockage
28
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Effects: Emollient

A
  • Skin rashes
  • Decreased absorption of vitamins
  • Electrolyte imbalances
29
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Effects: Hyperosmotic

A
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Rectal irritation
30
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Effects: Saline

A
  • Magnesium toxicity (with renal insufficiency)
  • Cramping
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Diarrhea
  • Increased thirst
31
Q

Laxatives: Adverse Effects: Stimulant

A
  • Nutrient malabsorption
  • Skin rashes
  • Gastric irritation
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Discolored urine
  • Rectal irriation
32
Q

All laxatives can cause

A

electrolyte imbalances

Pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions