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Anatomy Final > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following spinal curvature’s are considered posterior, or convex curves?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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1
Q

Which of the following gives the correct number and type of vertebrae found in the vertebral column?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

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2
Q

The secondary spinal curvatures are the_____ and ______curves.

A

Cervical, lumbar

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3
Q

From the posterior view, an exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine is known as…

A

Scoliosis

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4
Q

The walls of the vertebral arch are called_____.

A

Pedicles

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5
Q

On the vertebra, the lamina is this:

A

A roof of the vertebral arch

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6
Q

Is the vertebral body (centrum) an anterior or posterior structure on a vertebra?

A

Anterior

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7
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae?

A

Blood vessels

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8
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal nerves

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9
Q

Which vertebra has a process called a dens?

A

C-2 –the axis

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10
Q

With the exception of C-1 what do the superior articular facets on the vertebra do?

A

They articulate with the vertebra just superior to it

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11
Q

What do the superior articular facets of the Atlas articulate with?

A

The occipital condyles

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12
Q

The dens is a/an_____ structure that projects_______.

A

Anterior, superiorly

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13
Q

The base of the sacrum is a/an _______structure.

A

Superior

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14
Q

True ribs are also known as _____ribs.

A

Vertebrosternal

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15
Q

Ribs 11 and 12 are often referred to as…

A

All of the above

False ribs, vertebral ribs, floating ribs

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16
Q

Which ribs are considered the vertebrochondral ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10

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17
Q

All ribs articulate with…

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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18
Q

The diaphragm muscle attaches to this portion of the thoracic cage:

A

The xiphoid process of the sternum

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19
Q

The left external oblique , internal oblique, and transverses abdominis muscles join with the right external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles by way of this aponeurosis:

A

Rectus sheath

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20
Q

The left and right rectus abdominis muscles are divided by this thin fibrous structure that runs longitudinally down the midline of the abdomen

A

Linea alba

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21
Q

Of the muscles listed below, which are the most superficial?

A

External oblique

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22
Q

The superficial muscle that fans out medially from the axillary region to attach to the sternum and cover most of the anterior thoracic region is the________.

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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23
Q

The muscle that covers your shoulder at the lateral edge is the…

A

Deltoid

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24
Q

Which is more superior on the back – the latissimus dorsi muscle or the trapezius muscle?

A

Trapezius

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25
Q

Which of the following groups of muscles and their associated tendons make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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26
Q

Which of the following is more superior on the back?

A

Teres minor muscle

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27
Q

Which of the layers of the heart makes up the muscular wall?

A

Myocardium

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28
Q

Cardiac veins drain blood into either directly into the right atrium or into this:

A

The coronary sinus

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29
Q

On the superior portion of the aortic arch there are three arteries. From proximal (closest to the ascending aorta) to distal (furthest from the ascending aorta), these are:

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

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30
Q

The conus arteriosus rises from the_____ to form the______.

A

Right ventricle, pulmonary trunk

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31
Q

The pulmonary trunk branches to form…

A

The left and right pulmonary arteries

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32
Q

Where does the ligamentum arteriosum form?

A

Between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk

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33
Q

The pulmonary veins are vessels that carry blood to…

A

The left atrium

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34
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the ______and the______.

A

Right ventricle, pulmonary trunk

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35
Q

Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

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36
Q

Blood pumped from the left ventricle passes through the_____ before it leaves the heart.

A

Aortic semilunar valve

37
Q

The blood that passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve is…

A

Oxygen rich

38
Q

This depression is formed by what was once a connection between the left and right atria.

A

Fossa ovalis

39
Q

Muscular structures called ______line the walls of both ventricles and prevent blood from clotting in the ventricles.

A

Trabeculae carneae

40
Q

Which valves are the chordae tendinae associated with?

A

The atrioventricular valves

41
Q

The muscles that hold the chordae tendinae in place are the______.

A

Papillary muscles

42
Q

The moderator band is located in the…

A

Left ventricle

43
Q

The hearts primary pacemaker is the ______and is located in the_______.

A

Sinoatrial node, right atrium

44
Q

The pectinate muscles can be found in the…

A

Right atrium

45
Q

From where does the fetal heart receive oxygenated blood?

A

The placenta

46
Q

In the fetal heart, the superior vena cava delivers _______blood and the inferior vena cava delivers _______blood.

A

Deoxygenated, oxygenated

47
Q

What structure separates the superior and inferior phrenic arteries?

A

The diaphragm

48
Q

The ______artery carries blood to the kidneys for filtering.

A

Renal

49
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

50
Q

Which of the following does not receive blood via the splenic artery?

A

Kidneys

51
Q

Is the splenic artery superior or inferior to the diaphragm?

A

Inferior

52
Q

On each side of the spine the dorsal and ventral roots join to form these:

A

Spinal nerves

53
Q

From the outermost to innermost, what are the three spinal meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

54
Q

These extend from the Pia Mater to the Dura Mater and help stabilize the side to side movement of the spinal cord.

A

Denticulate ligaments

55
Q

Within the gray matter, this region contains both somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.

A

Posterior gray horns

56
Q

Which major nerve of the cervical plexus controls the diaphragmatic muscle?

A

phrenic nerve

57
Q

The ulnar nerve…often referred to as the “funny bone” because of how it makes your elbow tingle when stimulated….is part of the_____nerve plexus.

A

Brachial

58
Q

The division between the upper and lower respiratory systems is here:

A

The larynx

59
Q

These function to warm and condition air before it is passed to the lungs.

A

Nasal conchae

60
Q

The point where the trachea bifurcates into left and right primary bronchi is known as the______.

A

Carina

61
Q

The first (and largest) piece of cartilage in the trachea is known as:

A

The thyroid cartilage

62
Q

The “Adams apple” is more clinically known as…

A

The laryngeal prominence

63
Q

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that…

A

Bronchioles do not contain cartilage while bronchi do contain cartilage

64
Q

The left lung has _____lobes and the right lung has______ lobes

A

2, 3

65
Q

To allow for the expansion of the pericardium during heartbeats, the _______has a concave curved area called the______.

A

Left lung, cardiac notch

66
Q

The region on the lungs were the pulmonary arteries and primary bronchi enter the lungs and the pulmonary veins leave the lung is called the…

A

Hilum

67
Q

Where do the left and right crus muscles attach?

A

The third (right) and second (left) lumbar vertebrae

68
Q

Inhalation is performed by the contraction of the ______and ______muscles.

A

External intercostal, diaphragm

69
Q

The outermost, white portion of our teeth is the layer known as…

A

Enamel

70
Q

Our gums are technically known as this

A

Gingiva

71
Q

Teeth are embedded in sockets found in these two bones:

A

Maxillary and mandible

72
Q

At the posterior-most portion of the soft palate is a fleshy structure that hangs down in the middle of the mouth. Name the structure.

A

Uvula

73
Q

Which of the following is not one of the salivary glands?

A

Pineal gland

74
Q

Which tonsils are also known as adenoids?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

75
Q

What structure blocks the respiratory pathway when you swallow so that food does not enter your trachea?

A

Epiglottis

76
Q

The muscle in the esophagus is…

A

Both skeletal and smooth muscle

77
Q

The esophageal hiatus is…

A

Where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm

78
Q

When part of the stomach bulges upwards through the diaphragm, the condition is called this:

A

A hiatal hernia

79
Q

Which region of the stomach is more inferior in location?

A

Pylorus

80
Q

What are gastric rugae?

A

Infoldings of the stomach wall that allow for stomach expansion

81
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach is ______and of the greater curvature is______.

A

Medial, lateral

82
Q

Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine by way of the…

A

Pyloric sphincter

83
Q

The most distal segment of the small intestine is…

A

Ileum

84
Q

This is where the small intestine joins the large intestine.

A

Ileocecal junction

85
Q

A ribbon of muscle that runs along the length of the large intestine is called…

A

Taenia coli

86
Q

Which of the following is more distal along the length of the large intestine?

A

Sigmoid colon

87
Q

The left superior flexure of the colon is called the ______flecture while the right one is called the_______ flexure.

A

Splenic, hepatic

88
Q

Name the ligament that divides the liver into left and right lobes.

A

Falciform ligament

89
Q

The gallbladder is located on the_______ side of the liver.

A

Posterior

90
Q

On the gallbladder, the duct that lies between the common bile duct and the gallbladder is the______ duct.

A

Cystic

91
Q

The pancreas secretes buffers and enzymes into the_____ by way of the_______.

A

Duodenum, hepatopancreatic duct

Anatomy Final (5 decks)

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