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Anatomy Final > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The cranial nerves are part of the…

A

Peripheral nervous system

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1
Q

Within the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the recipients of commands from the brain, such as muscles and glands, are known as_____.

A

Effectors

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2
Q

Within the automatic nervous system, the_____ has a stimulating effect while the_____ has a relaxing effect.

A

Sympathetic division,

parasympathetic division

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3
Q

A bundle of axons with their associated blood vessels and connected tissues is referred to as:

A

A nerve

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4
Q

The Telencephalon includes the_____.

A

Cerebrum

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5
Q

The_____ is part of the brain that includes the pons and cerebellum.

A

Metencephalon

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6
Q

The division of the brain that is responsible for the maintenance of consciousness is the…

A

Mesencephalon

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7
Q

Which of the following is the most recently evolved region of the human brain?

A

Cerebrum

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8
Q

In the cerebrum,_____ are elevated ridges while_____ are shallow depressions.

A

Gyri, sulci

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9
Q

This separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

A

Longitudinal fissure

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10
Q

The frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum are divided by the_____.

A

Central sulcus

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11
Q

The lateral sulcus divides these two cerebral lobes:

A

Temporal and frontal

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12
Q

The collection of myelinated nerves that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called the…

A

Corpus callosum

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13
Q

Which of the following cerebral regions marks the primary sensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

Where are the sensory cortexes for taste and olfaction (smell) located?

A

The insula

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15
Q

This region of the brain coordinates complex somatic motor patterns, such as walking in a straight line.

A

The cerebellum

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16
Q

The limbic system is a functional region of the cerebrum located within the____.

A

Cingulate gyrus

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17
Q

Which of the following is not considered part of the limbic system?

A

Medulla oblongata

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18
Q

On the brainstem are three important regions of the brain. These are:

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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19
Q

Which of the ventricles of the brain is inferior to the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Fourth ventricle

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20
Q

The interventricular foramen allows CSF to flow between which ventricles?

A

The lateral ventricles and the third ventricle

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21
Q

This gland hangs from a stalk called the infundibulum.

A

Pituitary gland

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22
Q

The_____ may be responsible for associating smells with memories

A

The mammillary bodies

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23
Q

The thalamus is _____to the hypothalamus

A

Superior

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24
Q

Parkinson’s disease results when the _____malfunctions and causes a decrease in dopamine production, which in turn results in a lack of acetylcholine control during muscle contractions.

A

Substantia nigra

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25
Q

This tract of white matter connects the Hippocampus with the hypothalamus.

A

Fornix

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26
Q

Which of the following causes us to move our heads towards an auditory stimulus?

A

The inferior colliculi

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27
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi are collectively called…

A

The corpora quadrigemina

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28
Q

This gland-located posterior to the thalamus- secretes the hormone melatonin which controls your daily sleep cycle as well as your seasonal rhythmic cycle.

A

Pineal

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29
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted by the_____.

A

Choroid plexus

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30
Q

What separates the 1st and 2nd ventricles of the brain?

A

The septum pallucidum

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31
Q

Name the connective tissue that forms a partition between the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Falx cerebri

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32
Q

Does the epicranial aponeurosis lie beneath the skin or beneath the skull on the head?

A

Skin

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33
Q

From superficial (farther from the brain) to deep (closer to the brain), the meninges are…

A

Dura matter, arachnoid mater (layer), pia mater

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34
Q

Which of the meninges has “extensions” called granulations that bathe in the venous circulation of the brain?

A

Arachnoid layer

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35
Q

What flows through the ventricles of the brain?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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36
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid passes through the _____of the spinal cord.

A

Central canal

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37
Q

Each of the following is a function of skeletal muscle EXCEPT:

A

Moving blood through the body

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38
Q

Which connective tissue layer surrounds and protects an entire skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium

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39
Q

A skeletal muscle fascicle is…

A

And organize grouping of skeletal muscle cells

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40
Q

Tendons and aponeurosis are formed from which muscle connective tissue layer?

A

All of the above

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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41
Q

Cells that repair damaged skeletal muscle cells are called…

A

Myosatellite cells

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42
Q

Muscles with fascicles arranged such that fibers form an angle on one side of the tendon are said to have a_____arrangement.

A

Unipennate

43
Q

For skeletal muscles, the_____is the point of attachment on the fixed bone while the_____is where the muscle attaches to the mobile bone.

A

Origin, insertion

44
Q

Among pairs of antagonistic muscles, the_____produces a primary movement and the_____ opposes the action that the first muscle produced.

A

Agonist, antagonist

45
Q

Synergistic muscles…

A

Help agonists move bones

46
Q

The rectus abdominis muscle is named for two characteristics: what are they?

A

Location and fascicle organization

47
Q

The circular muscle that surrounds the eye is the _____muscle.

A

Orbicularis oculi

48
Q

Which of the following correctly lists these facial muscles as they appear from superior/medial to inferior/lateral?

A

Zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, risorius

49
Q

The muscles that extend down the lateral-most portion of the nose on each side are the ______ muscles.

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

50
Q

This muscle occurs between your levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and zygomaticus minor muscle and, when contracted, can curl your upper lip.

A

Levator labii superioris

51
Q

Between your zygomaticus major, risorius, and masseter muscles is a somewhat deep muscle which compresses the cheeks. It is called the_____muscle.

A

Buccinator

52
Q

The muscle that is most superficial in your throat and neck region is the _____muscle.

A

Platysma

53
Q

The epicranial aponeurosis connects which two muscles?

A

Frontalis and occipitalis

54
Q

The scalene muscles, levator scapulae muscle, and splenius capitis muscle can be found latterly on the neck group between the_____ and _____muscles.

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

55
Q

All of the following muscles are muscles of mastication that will elevate the mandible except…

A

Digastric

56
Q

Which of the following is one of the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter

57
Q

Which of the following muscles is not contracted during a smile?

A

Mentalis

58
Q

Which of the extrinsic eye muscles has a tendon that passes through a trochlea?

A

Superior oblique

59
Q

Which two extrinsic eye muscles would you contract to look to your right?

A

Left medial rectus and right lateral rectus muscles

60
Q

Which two extrinsic eye muscles would you contract to look cross-eyed?

A

Left and right medial rectus muscles

61
Q

Which of the following is true of arteries and veins?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart wall veins carry blood to the heart

62
Q

The blood vessels that form beds between arteries and veins where chemicals and gases defuse are called…

A

Capillaries

63
Q

Which of the following types of capillaries is the least porous?

A

Continuous capillaries

64
Q

Which layer of an artery wall would contain smooth muscle?

A

Tunica media

65
Q

At the entrance to capillaries is a layer of smooth muscle known as a_____, which opens and closes to cause capillary blood to flow and pulses rather than continuously.

A

Precapillary sphincter

66
Q

Which of these classes of capillaries is the “leakiest”?

A

Sinusoid

67
Q

Blood vessels that occur within the tunica externa of other vessels are called…

A

Vasa vasorum

68
Q

The internal carotid arteries deliver blood to…

A

The cerebral arterial circle

69
Q

The facial, superficial temporal, and occipital arteries are branches of…

A

The external carotid artery

70
Q

Which artery passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral

71
Q

Pressure receptors that monitor arterial blood pressure can be found here…

A

Carotid sinus

72
Q

The left and right vertebral arteries form an anastomosis called the_____ artery which carries blood to the cerebral arterial circle surrounding the pituitary gland.

A

Basilar

73
Q

The cerebral arterial circle serve to provide blood to this:

A

Pituitary gland

74
Q

The internal jugular, external jugular, and vertebral veins all drain directly into this vessel:

A

Brachiocephalic vein

75
Q

Which two vessels drain blood into the superior vena cava?

A

The left and right brachiocephalic veins

76
Q

The thyroid gland is wrapped around this organ:

A

Trachea

77
Q

On which side of the thyroid gland are the parathyroid glands embedded?

A

Posterior

78
Q

The thymus is located______ to the thyroid.

A

Inferior

79
Q

Which cranial nerve has receptors that pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

Olfactory

80
Q

The origin of the optic nerve is…

A

The retina of the eyes

81
Q

Which of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve (both sensory and motor)?

A

The mandibular branch

82
Q

The branches of the trigeminal nerve passes through all of these passageways except:

A

All are correct

Superior orbital Fisher
mental foramen
infra orbital foramen
jugular foramen

83
Q

Which two cranial nerves innervate taste receptors in your tongue?

A

Facial and glossopharyngeal

84
Q

The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves all pass through this foramen:

A

Superior orbital fissure

85
Q

Each of the following cranial nerves is involved in eye-movement EXCEPT…

A

Optic

86
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves does not pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Hypoglossal

87
Q

All of the following are motor nerves except:

A

Vestibulocochlear

88
Q

Sensory information for smell, site, and sound are transmitted to the brain by way of these three cranial nerves, respectively:

A

Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

89
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates your thoracic and abdominal organs?

A

Vegus

90
Q

What is the cranial nerve responsible for changing the shape of your lens so your eye can focus?

A

Oculomotor

91
Q

This cranial nerve innervates your sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

A

Spinal accessory nerve

92
Q

The layer of the eye which contains rods and cones and is where visual stimuli are received is called the…

A

Retina

93
Q

The clear, protective layer at the anterior portion of the eye is called this:

A

Cornea

94
Q

Which structure of the eye gives your eyes their color?

A

Iris

95
Q

Neuroreceptors responsible for the discrimination of colors are called…

A

Cones

96
Q

What is the area in the eye that contains the most densely clustered collection of cones called?

A

The fovea

97
Q

The gap that forms between your upper and lower eyelid when you open your eye and which extends from the medial canthus to the lateral canthus is known as the…

A

Palpebral fissure

98
Q

What lies at the end of the external acoustic meatus?

A

The tympanic membrane

99
Q

The glands that produce earwax are known as…

A

Ceruminous glands

100
Q

Which region of the ear contains the auditory ossicles?

A

Middle ear

101
Q

Auditory tube connects these two regions:

A

Middle ear and the nasopharynx

102
Q

What is the portion of the external ear that you push inward to block out sounds called?

A

Tragus

103
Q

The intertragic notch (a.k.a. incisura) lies inferior to and between the______ and the______.

A

Tragus and antitragus

104
Q

Which of the ears intrinsic muscles is responsible for stiffening and relaxing the tympanic membrane so it will not tear when loud sounds are heard?

A

Tensor tympani muscle

105
Q

The actual organ of hearing is called the______ and is located in the______.

A

Cochlea, inner ear

Anatomy Final (5 decks)

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