Exam 4 Flashcards
In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?
Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent (light-emitting) strain of bacteria with a living, 2) nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent.
Which observation(s) would provide the best evidence that the ability to phosphoresce is a
heritable trait?
phosphorescence in descendants of the living cells
Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately 3) what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
8%
For a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase experiment, with 4) modifications. They decided to label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They
reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won’t this
experiment work?
Amino acids (and thus proteins) also have nitrogen atoms; thus, the radioactivity would not distinguish between DNA and proteins.
How does the enzyme telomerase meet the challenge of replicating the ends of linear 5) chromosomes?
It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres, compensating for the shortening that could occur during replication without telomerase activity.
Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?
Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged.
A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5 to 3 direction because______
DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that _____.
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication
fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
It joins Okazaki fragments together.
Which of the following would you expect of a eukaryote lacking telomerase?
a reduction in chromosome length in gametes
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’ AGT 3’. The corresponding codon 11) for the mRNA transcribed is _____.
3 UCA 5
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume 12) which of the following?
A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the 13) polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be _____.
3
Refer to the figure above. What would the anticodon be for a tRNA that transports phenylalanine to 14) a ribosome?
AAA
Codons are part of the molecular structure of _____.
mRNA
A single base substitution mutation is least likely to be deleterious when the base change results in _____.
a codon that specifies the same amino acid as the original codon