Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process of photosynthesis probably originated ______.

A

B) In prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plants photosynthesize ____.

A

B) Only in the light but respire in light and dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (^18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produces by the algae contain ^18O EXCEPT _____.

A

B) O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

A

A) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

A

D) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants. What wavelengths of light do Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

A

C) Green and yellowAsk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The final electron acceptor associated with photosystem I is ____.

A

B) NADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Assume the thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of it is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will most directly affect the _____.

A

B) Synthesis of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in theCalvin cycle?

A

C) ATP & NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which isthen split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reductionproduces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvincycle?

A

C) Regeneration of RuBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Use your knowledge of the mechanism of photosynthesis and the data presented in the chart todetermine which of the statements below is a correct explanation for the student’s data.

A

B) Cup 4 had the slowest rate of photosynthesis because it had the least baking soda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the final result of mitosis in a human?

A

C) Genetically identical 2n somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scientists isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. They find a group of cells that have 1 1/2 times more DNA than G1 phase cells. The cells of this group are _____.

A

C) In the S phase of the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metaphase is characterized by _____.

A

D) Aligning of chromosomes on the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Some cells have several nuclei per cell. How could such multinucleated cells be explained?

A

B) The cell underwent repeated mitosis, but cytokinesis did not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol disruptsmicrotubule formation. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, Taxol must affect _____.

A

B) The structure of the mitotic spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the correct chromosomal condition at prometaphase of mitosis?

A

A) B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in the accompanying figure continues towardcompletion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

A

C) Formation of telophase nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the figure above, G1 is represented by which numbered part(s) of the cycle?

A

A) I or IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following questions might be answered by using the method described?

A

A) What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

A

C) Replication of the DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently because they _____.

A

B) Have entered into Go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Asexual reproduction occurs during _____.

A

B) Mitosis

24
Q

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of akaryotype?

A

C) Metaphase

25
Q

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Therefore, we can conclude that it must_____.

A

C) Have gametes with 23 chromosomes

26
Q

Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

A

C) An error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase

27
Q

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms thatspend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

A

C) Fertilization

28
Q

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. How do privet chromosomesdiffer from the chromosomes of humans ,who also have 46?

A

B) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in human

29
Q

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is _____.

A

D) Haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids

30
Q

Sister chromatids separate from each other during _____.

A

C) Mitosis and meiosis II

31
Q

Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

A

A) I

32
Q

Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

A

D) V

33
Q

Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle?

A

A) I

34
Q

In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that includemitosis or meiosis. Which of the explanations identifies the correct process and supports the claimthat heritable information is passed from one generation to another?

A

D) In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without fusion of gametes

35
Q

What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

A

A) A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied

36
Q

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of thefollowing is the major reason?

A

A) Different possible assortment of chromosomes into gametes

37
Q

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle ofindependent assortment most probably indicates which of the following?

A

C) All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.

38
Q

Albinism is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. A man and woman are both of normalpigmentation and have one child out of three who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). Whatare the genotypes of the albino’s parents?

A

C) Both parents must be heterozygous

39
Q

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). Whatfraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails?

A

A) 1/2

40
Q

In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring ofred (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring inthe ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white?

A

D) roan × roan

41
Q

Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plantsproduce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of thefollowing?

A

D) environmental factors such as soil pH

42
Q

Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, S,have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, asecond gene, N, determines whether or not cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nncactuses have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an example of _____.

A

D) epistasis

43
Q

In rabbits, the homozygous CC is normal, Cc results in deformed legs, and cc results in very shortlegs. The genotype BB produces black fur, Bb brown fur, and bb white fur. If a cross is madebetween brown rabbits with deformed legs and white rabbits with deformed legs, what percentageof the offspring would be expected to have deformed legs and white fur?

A

C) 25%

44
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriatelymetabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. This amino acid is not naturally produced by humans.Therefore, the most efficient and effective treatment is which of the following?

A

C) Regulate the diet of the affected persons to severely limit the uptake of the amino acid.

45
Q

Which of the following statements is a correct explanation for the observation that all offspringexhibit a phenotype for a particular trait that appears to be a blend of the two parental varieties?

A

C) Neither of the parental genes is dominate over the other

46
Q

When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies weremale. What was the explanation for this result?

A

A) The gene involved is on the X chromosome.

47
Q

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because _____.

A

B) males are hemizygous for the X chromosome

48
Q

Sex determination in mammals is due to the SRY gene. Which of the following could allow aperson with an XX karyotype to develop a male phenotype?

A

C) translocation of SRY to a X chromosome

49
Q

A man who is an achondroplastic dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman ofnormal height. The man’s father was six feet tall, and both the woman’s parents were of averageheight. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness isX-linked recessive. How many of their daughters might be expected to be color-blind dwarfs?

A

C) None

50
Q

A man who carries an allele of an X-linked gene will pass it on to _____.

A

D) All of his daughers

51
Q

Recombination between linked genes comes about for what reason?

A

B) Crossovers between these genes result in chromosomal exchange

52
Q

Map units on a linkage map cannot be relied upon to calculate physical distances on a chromosomefor which of the following reasons?

A

D) The frequency of crossing over varies along the length of the chromosome.

53
Q

In a series of mapping experiments, the recombination frequencies for four different linked genes ofDrosophila were determined as shown in the figure above. What is the order of these genes on achromosome map?

A

C) b-rb-cn-vg

54
Q

What is the reason that closely linked genes are typically inherited together?

A

C) They are located close together on the same chromosome.

55
Q

One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologouschromosome. What is this alteration called?

A

B) translocation

Biology 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions