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Environmental Biology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

What produces dioxins?

A

Incineration of medical waste

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1
Q

What are two types of hazardous waste?

A

Dioxins and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)

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2
Q

Where do dioxins bioaccumulate?

A

Body fat

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3
Q

PCBs are generated from what and are likely what?

A

Industrial chemicals; carcinogenic

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4
Q

Where is hazardous waste stored long term?

A

Landfills

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5
Q

When is the average computer replaced?

A

18-24 months

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6
Q

What % of high tech devices go to landfills?

A

80%

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7
Q

How many pounds of toxic compounds are in the average computer?

A

3-8lbs

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8
Q

What % of computers are recycled?

A

20%

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9
Q

Energy use in developed nations is mostly for

A

Transportation

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10
Q

Energy use in developing countries is mostly for

A

Agriculture/residential

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11
Q

What % of people live in highly developed countries?

A

20%

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12
Q

People in developed countries use __ times the amount of people in developing countries

A

8x

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13
Q

The US has __% of the world’s population, but uses __% of its energy

A

5%, 25%

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14
Q

What % of the US energy budget is from fossil fuels?

A

93%

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15
Q

How much of the USA’s energy comes from renewable sources?

A

7%

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16
Q

What is the compound fossil fuels are made from?

A

Kerogen

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17
Q

This is produced by heating wood in the absence of oxygen

A

Charcoal

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18
Q

What continents have the majority of the world’s coal reserves?

A

Asia and Oceania, Eastern Europe and Russia, North America

19
Q

What are the two ways to mine coal?

A

Subsurface mining and strip mining

20
Q

What is the most abundant fossil fuel we have?

A

Coal

21
Q

Coal reserves in the US could last us how many years?

A

200 years

22
Q

What fossil fuel produces the most CO2?

A

Coal

23
Q

Coal mining causes environmental _____

A

Degradation

24
Q

What isotope of uranium is used for nuclear fission fuel in nuclear reactors?

A

Uranium-235

25
Q

Uranium enrichment involves removal of

A

U-238

26
Q

After mining, uranium is encased in small

A

solid ceramic pellets

27
Q

Each pellet produces the same amount of energy as __ gallons of oil

A

150 gallons

28
Q

Pellets are stacked to form

A

Fuel rods

29
Q

Fuel rods are grouped to form

A

Fuel assemblies

30
Q

The reactor vessel includes thick walls of

A

Concrete

31
Q

The containment building includes a ____ lining and _____ shielding

A

Steel lining; concrete shielding

32
Q

What causes the Three Mile Island accident?

A

Loss of cooling water

33
Q

Nuclear waste is stored at 125 sites in __ states

A

39 states

34
Q

Spent nuclear fuel is stored in

A

Casks

35
Q

Casks are designed to last __ years

A

40 years

36
Q

What is the proposed long term storage site for nuclear waste in the US?

A

Yucca Mountain, Nevada

37
Q

Renewable sources generate _% of energy globally

A

6%

38
Q

Which region is the best for solar power in the US?

A

Southwest

39
Q

What is the process used to convert water into diatomic hydrogen?

A

Electrolysis

40
Q

The flex fuel engine runs on what type of fuel?

A

E85 –> 85% EtOH

41
Q

Which three countries are the top investors in wind power?

A
  1. Germany 2. USA 3. Spain
42
Q

What are the best places in the US for wind energy?

A

Texas, California, Great Plains

43
Q

What renewable energy generates 20% of the world’s energy?

A

Hydropower

44
Q

Heat within earth is caused by:

A

Tectonic friction, radioactive decay, the core

Environmental Biology (13 decks)

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