Exam 1 Flashcards
Which Hawaiian island still has volcanic activity and is thus the youngest?
The big island.
Where did Dr. Mondor work in Hawaii?
Na Pali State Park, Kawai.
What is Maui known for?
Pineapples, onions, agriculture.
What did the use Molokai for?
Leper colony.
Where is the wettest place on earth, and how much rainfall does it get per year?
Alakai Swamp, Kawai. 500 inches per year.
What are the 6 major invasive species of Kawai?
Jungle fowl (moa), feral pigs (pua’a), mosquitos (makika), fire ants, yellow jackets, aphids.
Where did the jungle fowl originate?
Captain Cook.
Where did the feral pigs originate?
Captain Cook or the Polynesians themselves.
Where did the Mosquitos originate, and where do the breed?
Tire shipments; rooting holes created by the pigs that fill with water.
What are the Mosquitos a vector for?
Avian malaria.
What percentage of Hawaii’s birds have been killed by avian malaria.
40%.
What do aphids transmit?
Plant viruses.
What virus is plaguing Hawaii’s trees?
Banana Bunchy Top Virus.
What are the current CO2 levels? What are the projected CO2 levels for 2050? For 2100?
400ppm; 530ppm; 700ppm.
How fast is ozone rising?
1.5% per year.
Where is ozone good vs. bad?
Stratosphere, troposphere.
What is FACE, and where is it located?
Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment, north Wisconsin.
How much CO2 does FACE use per day?
50-60,000kg per day.
What is the experimental unit Dr. Mom for uses for climate experimentation here?
AtmoSim 2100.
What is the postmortem interval?
Time elapsed from death to discovery.
What is the main decomposer of dead bodies?
Insects.
What is the first insect to colonize a cadaver?
Blow flies.
How far away can a blow fly detect a body?
10 miles.
Where is the body farm located?
Knoxville, Tennessee.
Insect development time is most influenced by these two factors:
Time and temperature.
What pollutants does cremation release?
Dioxins and HCl.
What are common embalming agents that end up in the soil?
Formaldehyde and methanol.
What factors influence insect attraction/colonization?
Sun vs shade.
How long ago did modern humans appear?
20,000 years ago.
When did we hit 7bn people?
October 31, 2011.
What are the different levels of ecological organization?
Organism, population, community, ecosystem biosphere.
At what level does natural selection operate?
Organismal.
What defines a species?
Population or populations that share certain characteristics and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What level includes the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment?
Ecosystem.
What are the 3 major trophic levels?
Producers (autotrophs), consumers (heterotrophs), and detritivores + decomposers.
Epiphytes growing on plants is an example of what kind of symbiotic relationship?
Commensalism.
What are 3 defenses against predation?
Vigilance, cryptic colouration, and chemical defenses.
What are chemical defenses such as toxins accompanied by?
Warning colouration.
What are the four conditions required for natural selection to act on a population?
More individuals are born than can survive, there exists variation between offspring, this variation is heritable, and there exists competition.
Interspecific competition occurs between:
Members of different species.
Intraspecific competition occurs between:
Members of the same species.
Speciation resultant from geographic isolation is:
Allopatric speciation.
Speciation resultant from behavior is:
Sympatric speciation.
