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Environmental Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which Hawaiian island still has volcanic activity and is thus the youngest?

A

The big island.

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1
Q

Where did Dr. Mondor work in Hawaii?

A

Na Pali State Park, Kawai.

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2
Q

What is Maui known for?

A

Pineapples, onions, agriculture.

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3
Q

What did the use Molokai for?

A

Leper colony.

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4
Q

Where is the wettest place on earth, and how much rainfall does it get per year?

A

Alakai Swamp, Kawai. 500 inches per year.

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5
Q

What are the 6 major invasive species of Kawai?

A

Jungle fowl (moa), feral pigs (pua’a), mosquitos (makika), fire ants, yellow jackets, aphids.

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6
Q

Where did the jungle fowl originate?

A

Captain Cook.

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7
Q

Where did the feral pigs originate?

A

Captain Cook or the Polynesians themselves.

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8
Q

Where did the Mosquitos originate, and where do the breed?

A

Tire shipments; rooting holes created by the pigs that fill with water.

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9
Q

What are the Mosquitos a vector for?

A

Avian malaria.

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10
Q

What percentage of Hawaii’s birds have been killed by avian malaria.

A

40%.

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11
Q

What do aphids transmit?

A

Plant viruses.

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12
Q

What virus is plaguing Hawaii’s trees?

A

Banana Bunchy Top Virus.

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13
Q

What are the current CO2 levels? What are the projected CO2 levels for 2050? For 2100?

A

400ppm; 530ppm; 700ppm.

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14
Q

How fast is ozone rising?

A

1.5% per year.

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15
Q

Where is ozone good vs. bad?

A

Stratosphere, troposphere.

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16
Q

What is FACE, and where is it located?

A

Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment, north Wisconsin.

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17
Q

How much CO2 does FACE use per day?

A

50-60,000kg per day.

18
Q

What is the experimental unit Dr. Mom for uses for climate experimentation here?

A

AtmoSim 2100.

19
Q

What is the postmortem interval?

A

Time elapsed from death to discovery.

20
Q

What is the main decomposer of dead bodies?

A

Insects.

21
Q

What is the first insect to colonize a cadaver?

A

Blow flies.

22
Q

How far away can a blow fly detect a body?

A

10 miles.

23
Q

Where is the body farm located?

A

Knoxville, Tennessee.

24
Q

Insect development time is most influenced by these two factors:

A

Time and temperature.

25
Q

What pollutants does cremation release?

A

Dioxins and HCl.

26
Q

What are common embalming agents that end up in the soil?

A

Formaldehyde and methanol.

27
Q

What factors influence insect attraction/colonization?

A

Sun vs shade.

28
Q

How long ago did modern humans appear?

A

20,000 years ago.

29
Q

When did we hit 7bn people?

A

October 31, 2011.

30
Q

What are the different levels of ecological organization?

A

Organism, population, community, ecosystem biosphere.

31
Q

At what level does natural selection operate?

A

Organismal.

32
Q

What defines a species?

A

Population or populations that share certain characteristics and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

33
Q

What level includes the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment?

A

Ecosystem.

34
Q

What are the 3 major trophic levels?

A

Producers (autotrophs), consumers (heterotrophs), and detritivores + decomposers.

35
Q

Epiphytes growing on plants is an example of what kind of symbiotic relationship?

A

Commensalism.

36
Q

What are 3 defenses against predation?

A

Vigilance, cryptic colouration, and chemical defenses.

37
Q

What are chemical defenses such as toxins accompanied by?

A

Warning colouration.

38
Q

What are the four conditions required for natural selection to act on a population?

A

More individuals are born than can survive, there exists variation between offspring, this variation is heritable, and there exists competition.

39
Q

Interspecific competition occurs between:

A

Members of different species.

40
Q

Intraspecific competition occurs between:

A

Members of the same species.

41
Q

Speciation resultant from geographic isolation is:

A

Allopatric speciation.

42
Q

Speciation resultant from behavior is:

A

Sympatric speciation.

Environmental Biology (13 decks)

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