Exam 4 Flashcards by Mollee Pezold

Peripheral Auditory System

Outer ear to auditory nerve

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Central Auditory System (Includes…)

Cochlear nucleus to auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

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The auditory nerve terminates between the _____ and the _______.

pons & medulla (ponto-medullary junction)

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ACSLIM

Auditory nerve (peripheral)

Cochlear nucleus

Superior olivary complex

Lateral lemniscus

Inferior colliculus

Medial geniculate body

(then into the temporal lobe)

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The minimum age for a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) diagnosis is __, and it takes until __ for the system to completely mature.

7, 13

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The ____________ is the first site of binaural interaction, and the ___________ is the second.

Superior olivary complex
Inferior colliculus (bigger)

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Number of nerve fibers in each branch of the auditory nerve

Cochlear: 30,000
Vestibular: 20,000

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The basal turn (outer core) of the cochlea carries _____ frequency information; the apical turn (inner core) carries _____ frequency information.

high; low

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The auditory nerve exits the middle ear through the ______.

IAM (Internal Auditory Meatus)

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2 nuclei of the cochlear nucleus:

Dorsal: low frequencies (fed by apical [ascending] fibers)
Ventral: high frequencies (fed by basal [descending] fibers)

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Binaural interaction in the SOC is responsible for _________ and _________.

localization, stapedial reflex function

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2 primary nuclei of the SOC

Medial superior olive: low frequencies
Lateral superior olive: high frequencies

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2 nuclei of the lateral lemniscus

Dorsal: low frequencies
Ventral: high frequencies

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What is the brachium?

Major tract that connects the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body

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3 nuclei of the medial geniculate body

Dorsal: low frequencies
Medial: mid frequencies
Ventral: high frequencies

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The auditory cortex is located in the _________ lobe

temporal

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3 important cortical areas in the auditory cortex

Primary auditory area
Association/Wernicke’s area (#22)
Insula

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Which artery feeds the medial 3/4th of the brain?

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Which artery feeds the lateral 3/4th of the brain, including Heschl’s gyrus, insula, & parietal areas?

Middle Cerebral Artery

Another name for an 8th nerve (auditory nerve) tumor is an ___________.

acoustic schwannoma

Click ABR and TEOAEs provides information about the hearing status between ____ and ____ Hz only

1000 and 4000

ABR only tests functioning up to the level of the _____________.

lateral lemniscus

ABR, OAE, and tympanometry are all _________ tests of hearing

objective

ABR uses __ electrodes

3 (one on the top of the head and one behind each ear/on earlobes

Where do the 5 ABR waves come from?

I and II: auditory nerve III: cochlear nucleus IV: SOC V: lateral lemniscus

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of waves is a useful metric that can be used clinically, while ________ of waves is not.

latency; amplitude

What are the normal values for absolute latency for ABR waves I, III, and V at 60-70 dB HL (24 months +)?

2 ms for wave I 4 ms for wave III 6 ms fo wave V (interpeak values are 2 ms between I-III and III-V; 4 ms between I-V)

Before 24 months, time values for ABR waves will be significantly _______ because the auditory pathways haven't matured.

higher

In a patient with a cochlear lesion or conductive hearing loss, ABR absolute latencies will be\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and interpeak latencies will be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

prolonged/abnormal; normal

In a patient with a neural lesion, ABR absolute latencies will be\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and interpeak latencies will be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

abnormal; abnormal

Interpeak latencies in ABR indirectly give us information about what?

Conduction time in the neurons.

What are Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAEs)?

Low-level sounds produced in the cochlea to an evoking stimulus. Are recorded from the external ear canal using a sensitive, low-noise microphone.

Transient Evoked OAEs vs. Distortion Product OAEs

* TEOAEs: clicks or tonebursts * DPOAEs: pairs of puretones (f1 & f2)

Lateral & Medial OCB

* Stimulation of the MOCB causes a _________ in the endolymphatic potential, hair cell potential (CM) and the discharge rates (action potentials) of afferent neurons. * Stimulation of the LOCB causes __________ in the endolymphatic or the cochlear microphonic potential and a ________ in the discharge rates of afferent neurons.

* decrease * no change; decrease

What are the average TEOAE levels for newborns, adult females, and adult males?

* Newborn: 18-20 dB SPL * Adult female: 10-15 dB SPL * Adult male: 8 to 13 dB SPL

OAEs tell you about the functioning of the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

OHCs

OAEs are _______ in patients with conductive hearing loss.

absent

Formula for suppression in dB SPL

TEOAEs (quiet) - TEOAEs (noise)

In OAE screening, response amplitude should be at least __ dB higher than the background noise.

Presbycusis

Hearing loss that comes with aging

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ aspects of speech are affected in CAPD patients

Temporal (prosody/intonation/rhythm)

Results of studies 1 & 2

1. Amplitude of OAEs in quiet doesn't change with age (when you control for hearing loss) 2. TEOAE suppression (MOCB/efferent system) decreases with age, leading to difficulty hearing in noise