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SPPA 321 - Hearing Science > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Peripheral Auditory System

A

Outer ear to auditory nerve

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2
Q

Central Auditory System (Includes…)

A

Cochlear nucleus to auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

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3
Q

The auditory nerve terminates between the _____ and the _______.

A

pons & medulla (ponto-medullary junction)

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4
Q

ACSLIM

A

Auditory nerve (peripheral)

Cochlear nucleus

Superior olivary complex

Lateral lemniscus

Inferior colliculus

Medial geniculate body

(then into the temporal lobe)

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5
Q

The minimum age for a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) diagnosis is __, and it takes until __ for the system to completely mature.

A

7, 13

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6
Q

The ____________ is the first site of binaural interaction, and the ___________ is the second.

A
  1. Superior olivary complex
  2. Inferior colliculus (bigger)
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7
Q

Number of nerve fibers in each branch of the auditory nerve

A
  • Cochlear: 30,000
  • Vestibular: 20,000
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8
Q

The basal turn (outer core) of the cochlea carries _____ frequency information; the apical turn (inner core) carries _____ frequency information.

A

high; low

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9
Q

The auditory nerve exits the middle ear through the ______.

A

IAM (Internal Auditory Meatus)

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10
Q

2 nuclei of the cochlear nucleus:

A
  1. Dorsal: low frequencies (fed by apical [ascending] fibers)
  2. Ventral: high frequencies (fed by basal [descending] fibers)
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11
Q

Binaural interaction in the SOC is responsible for _________ and _________.

A

localization, stapedial reflex function

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12
Q

2 primary nuclei of the SOC

A
  1. Medial superior olive: low frequencies
  2. Lateral superior olive: high frequencies
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13
Q

2 nuclei of the lateral lemniscus

A
  1. Dorsal: low frequencies
  2. Ventral: high frequencies
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14
Q

What is the brachium?

A

Major tract that connects the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body

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15
Q

3 nuclei of the medial geniculate body

A
  1. Dorsal: low frequencies
  2. Medial: mid frequencies
  3. Ventral: high frequencies
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16
Q

The auditory cortex is located in the _________ lobe

A

temporal

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17
Q

3 important cortical areas in the auditory cortex

A
  1. Primary auditory area
  2. Association/Wernicke’s area (#22)
  3. Insula
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18
Q

Which artery feeds the medial 3/4th of the brain?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

19
Q

Which artery feeds the lateral 3/4th of the brain, including Heschl’s gyrus, insula, & parietal areas?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

20
Q

Another name for an 8th nerve (auditory nerve) tumor is an ___________.

A

acoustic schwannoma

21
Q

Click ABR and TEOAEs provides information about the hearing status between ____ and ____ Hz only

A

1000 and 4000

22
Q

ABR only tests functioning up to the level of the _____________.

A

lateral lemniscus

23
Q

ABR, OAE, and tympanometry are all _________ tests of hearing

A

objective

24
Q

ABR uses __ electrodes

A

3 (one on the top of the head and one behind each ear/on earlobes

25
Q

Where do the 5 ABR waves come from?

A

I and II: auditory nerve

III: cochlear nucleus

IV: SOC

V: lateral lemniscus

26
Q

_______ of waves is a useful metric that can be used clinically, while ________ of waves is not.

A

latency; amplitude

27
Q

What are the normal values for absolute latency for ABR waves I, III, and V at 60-70 dB HL (24 months +)?

A

2 ms for wave I

4 ms for wave III

6 ms fo wave V

(interpeak values are 2 ms between I-III and III-V; 4 ms between I-V)

28
Q

Before 24 months, time values for ABR waves will be significantly _______ because the auditory pathways haven’t matured.

A

higher

29
Q

In a patient with a cochlear lesion or conductive hearing loss, ABR absolute latencies will be_________, and interpeak latencies will be _________.

A

prolonged/abnormal; normal

30
Q

In a patient with a neural lesion, ABR absolute latencies will be_________, and interpeak latencies will be _________.

A

abnormal; abnormal

31
Q

Interpeak latencies in ABR indirectly give us information about what?

A

Conduction time in the neurons.

32
Q

What are Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAEs)?

A

Low-level sounds produced in the cochlea to an evoking stimulus. Are recorded from the external ear canal using a sensitive, low-noise microphone.

33
Q

Transient Evoked OAEs vs. Distortion Product OAEs

A
  • TEOAEs: clicks or tonebursts
  • DPOAEs: pairs of puretones (f1 & f2)
34
Q

Lateral & Medial OCB

A
35
Q
  • Stimulation of the MOCB causes a _________ in the endolymphatic potential, hair cell potential (CM) and the discharge rates (action potentials) of afferent neurons.
  • Stimulation of the LOCB causes __________ in the endolymphatic or the cochlear microphonic potential and a ________ in the discharge rates of afferent neurons.
A
  • decrease
  • no change; decrease
36
Q

What are the average TEOAE levels for newborns, adult females, and adult males?

A
  • Newborn: 18-20 dB SPL
  • Adult female: 10-15 dB SPL
  • Adult male: 8 to 13 dB SPL
37
Q

OAEs tell you about the functioning of the ______.

A

OHCs

38
Q

OAEs are _______ in patients with conductive hearing loss.

A

absent

39
Q

Formula for suppression in dB SPL

A

TEOAEs (quiet) - TEOAEs (noise)

40
Q

In OAE screening, response amplitude should be at least __ dB higher than the background noise.

A

6

41
Q

Presbycusis

A

Hearing loss that comes with aging

42
Q

________ aspects of speech are affected in CAPD patients

A

Temporal (prosody/intonation/rhythm)

43
Q

Results of studies 1 & 2

A
  1. Amplitude of OAEs in quiet doesn’t change with age (when you control for hearing loss)
  2. TEOAE suppression (MOCB/efferent system) decreases with age, leading to difficulty hearing in noise

SPPA 321 - Hearing Science (4 decks)

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