Exam #4 Flashcards
1
Q
Carbohydrates
A
main source of energy
2
Q
Proteins
A
- amino acids
- necessary for nitrogen balance
3
Q
Fats
A
Calorie-dense
4
Q
Water
A
- all cell function depends on a fluid environment
*polydipsea: increased thirst; first sign of diabetes
5
Q
Vitamins
A
Essential for metabolism
- water-soluble: C and B complex
- fat-soluble: A, D, E, K
6
Q
Minerals
A
Catalysts for enzymatic reactions
7
Q
ChooseMyPlate
A
- developed by U.S. Department of Agriculture
- based on a 2000 kcal/day diet
8
Q
Vegetarian diets
A
- Ovolactovegetarian: eats milk and eggs
- Lactovegetarian: drinks milk; avoids eggs
- Vegan: only plant foods
- Fruitarian: fruit, nuts, honey
- vitamin b12 deficiency
- protein deficiencies (especially in children)
9
Q
What is BMI
A
measures weight corrected for height
*good BMI <25
10
Q
Clear liquid diet
A
clear fruit juice, gelatin, broth
*if you can shine a light through it
11
Q
Full liquid diet
A
Cloudy liquids
milk, pureed vegetables
12
Q
Pureed diet
A
pureed meat, fruits, scrambled eggs
13
Q
Mechanical soft diet
A
diced or ground foods
14
Q
Soft/low-residue diet
A
foods that are low in fiber and easy to digest
15
Q
High-fiber diet
A
whole grains, raw and dried fruits
*bulk up the stool
16
Q
Low Sodium diet
A
no added salt or 1 to 2g sodium
17
Q
Low cholesterol diet
A
no more than 300mg/day of dietary cholesterol
18
Q
Diabetic diet
A
balanced intake of protein, fats, and carbohydrates of about 1800 calories
19
Q
Regular diet
A
no restrictions
20
Q
Dysphagia Diet liquid levels
A
- thin liquids
- nectarlike liquid
- Honeylike
- Spoon-thick
21
Q
Enteral Tube feeding
A
- provides nutrients through GI tract
- careful placement and monitoring required
- risk of aspiration
*sit up for at least 1hr after feeding
22
Q
Parenteral Nutrition
A
- Intravenous nutrient delivery
- used for patients unable to digest enteral nutrition
- requires careful monitoring
23
Q
Cardiovascular disease diet
A
eat fish 2x a week
24
Q
Cancer diet
A
- address malnutrition
- important to keep on a low calorie diet
25
Sleep phases
- Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep: NREM
- Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: REM
26
Characteristics of a Sleep Cycle
- 4-5 complete sleep cycles per night
- Each cycle include:
- 3 NREM stages
- 1 REM period
- Pre-sleep period lasts 10-30 min
*3 loops around is considered one full cycle of sleep
27
NREM Sleep Stages
Stage 1: NREM
- lightest sleep level
- feels like daydreaming
Stage 2: NREM
- lasts 10-30 min
- progressive relaxation
Stage 3: NREM
- initial deep sleep stage
- 15-30 min
- hard to arouse
Stage 4: NREM
- deepest sleep stage
- 15-30 min
- possible sleepwalking and bed wetting
28
REM Sleep
- 90 min after sleep has begun
- duration increases with each sleep cycle avg. 20 min
- rapid eye movement
- vivid, full color dreaming
29
Insomnia
- adjustment sleep disorder
- inadequate sleep hygiene
- Behavioral childhood insomnia
30
Sleep Apnea
- central sleep apnea
- obstructive sleep apnea
31
Narcolepsy
- cataplexy
- sleep paralysis
32
Parasomnias
- sleepwalking
- night terrors
- nightmares
- bed-wetting
33
Eating snacks before bed
- warm milk
- light carbohydrate snack
*at least 4hr before bedtime
34
Pharmacological Approaches
**Benzodiazepines**:
- diazepam
- lorazepam
- alprazolam
**Melatonin Receptor Agonist**
- Ramelteon
- improves sleep
*teaching*
- take right before bedtime
- get full 6-8hr of sleep
35
Self-esteem
an individuals overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept
36
Development of Self-concept
*lifelong process*
- in adulthood job satisfaction and job performance are linked to self-esteem
- self-esteem is usually highest is childhood
37
Erikson's psychosocial theory
- Identity vs. role confusion: 12-20 yrs
- Intimacy vs. isolation: mid 20s - mid 40s
- Generativity vs. self-absorption: mid 40s - mid 60s
- Ego integrity vs. despair: late 60s - death
38
Components of Self-Concept
**I** **B**ake **R**eally **S**weetcakes
- Identity
- Body image
- Role performance
- Self-esteem
39
Sexual health
- knowledge of sexual behavior
- access to appropriate health care resources
40
Sexuality
a part of each individuals identity and includes biological sex, gender identity, gender role, and sexual partner preference
41
Sexual orientation
describes the predominant pattern of a person's sexual attraction over time
ex. heterosexual, homosexual, lesbian, gay
42
Developmental stages
**Infancy and Early childhood**
gender identity
- begin to perceive that they are either male or female
43
Developmental stages
**School-aged years**
questions
- need accurate information from home and school about changes in their bodies and emotions
44
Developmental stages
**Puberty/adolescence**
emotional and physical changes
- need accurate info on body changes, sexual activity, emotional responses within intimate sexual relationships
45
Developmental stages
**Young adulthood**
emotional maturation
- intimacy and sexuality
46
Developmental stages
**Middle adulthood**
concerns re attractiveness
47
Developmental stages
**Older adulthood**
physiological sexual response changes with aging but aging does not lead to diminished sexuality
48
Medication effects on sexuality
Diuretics
- decrease vaginal lubrication
- cause erectile dysfunction
- reduce sexual desire
Antidepressant
- cause erectile dysfunction
49
Body assessments
**testicular**
**breast self exam**
Testicular
- increased risk 13-30
Breast exam
- starts when you menstruate
- upper outer most common spot
*both should be checked every month till you die
50
Religious Care vs Spiritual Care
- **Religious care**: helping patients maintain faithfulness to their belief system and worship practices
- **Spiritual Care**: maintain personal relationships as well as a relationship with a *higher being* or life force
51
How to assess life and self-responsibility of a pt.
ask a pt. about their understanding of their illness limitations or threats and how the pt. will adjust
52
Spiritual counselor (Chaplain)
address spiritual issues
53
Social worker
mobilize spiritual support in the community
