Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the nursing process?
A systematic method for providing patient care
It includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
What does cyanosis indicate?
A sign of inadequate oxygenation (hypoxia) due to heart dysfunction
It is caused by poor perfusion.
What is responsible for perfusion?
The heart
What are attitudes of critical thinkers? (select all that apply)
confidence, thinking independently, risk taking, creativity, discipline, responsibility and authority
In the nursing process, what does ‘assess’ mean?
Evaluate, examination, check
What is clinical inference?
part of the clinical decision-making process that occurs before you determine what your patient problems are
Define patient outcome.
A measurable goal for patient care
What is data validation?
The comparisson of data with another source to determine data accuracy
Give examples of objective data.
Vital signs, laboratory results, observable physical signs
Objective data is measurable and verifiable. (somehing you can see)
What is a data cluster?
organizing all data elements about a patient into meaningful patters
helps you to think less aboout individual data points and focus on a pattern
What nursing interventions do not require physician’s orders?
Patient education, basic nursing care, comfort measures
Specific tasks may vary by institution.
How should a patient with limitations be encouraged?
To do as much as they can on their own within their limitations
What should you do if a patient is short of breath after morning care?
Have them rest
What is an example of objective data?
A patient’s pulse rate
What are the steps of developing a nursing diagnosis in order?
Assessment, data analysis, diagnosis formulation, planning
This process includes prioritizing nursing diagnoses.
Define diffusion.
exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
What is ventilation?
The physical process of lungs expanding
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
Differentiate diffusion from perfusion.
Diffusion is gas exchange; perfusion is blood flow
perfusion- what comes from the heart not lungs
What is the earliest sign of hypoxia?
Restlessness
How can we help patients thin secretions?
Hydrate
What is hypoventilation?
alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
What type of lubricants should be used?
Water-soluble lubricants
What should you do for a patient who is having trouble breathing?
Raise the head of the bed first
What is important regarding oxygen devices?
- Nasal canula: 1-6 L = 24%
- Simple mask: 6-12 L = 45-60%
- Nonrebreather: 10-15 L = 60-90%
- Venturi mask: 4- 15 L = 24-60%
- based off different pieces
