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Nursing Fundamentals > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Regulatory Law? (administrative law)

A

defines your duty to report incompetent or unethical nursing conduct to the Board of Nursing.

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2
Q

What is Common Law? (from judicial decisions)

A
  • concerning individual cases
  • most of these cases revolve around negligence and malpractice
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3
Q

What is a Tort?

A

a civil wrong made against a person or property

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4
Q

What is an Intentional Tort?

A

willful acts that violate anothers rights
Assault
- may be actual, or it may result from a threatened action
Battery
- intentional touching without consent
False Imprisonment
- a tort, an example of which is restraining a patient without justification

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5
Q

What is the difference between Negligence and Malpractice

A

Negligence:
- conduct that falls below the standard of care
Malpractice:
- knowingly causing harm
- often referred to as professional negligence

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6
Q

What does it mean if something isn’t charted?

A

It isn’t done

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7
Q

What is informed consent?

A

provider must give the patient:
- purpose of procedure
- complete description of procedure
- description of professions who will perform procedure
- potential harm, pain, discomfort
- options for other treatments
- option to refuse

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8
Q

What is an Emancipated Minor?

A

under 18 yrs old but can make own decisions

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9
Q

What is the purpose of Advance Directives?

A

to communicate to a patients wishes regarding end-of-life care should the patient become unable to do so

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10
Q

What are the types of Advance Directives?

A

Living will:
- written documents that direct treatment in accordance with a patients wishes in the event of a terminal illness

Durable power of Attorney
- designates a person of ones choosing to make health care decisions when the pt can no longer make decisions

Providers orders
- provider consults the patient or family prior to administering a DNR or AND

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11
Q

You are about to administer an oral medication and you question the dosage.
What should you do?

A

withhold the medication

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12
Q

What is an Unemancipated Minor?

A

minor who is still under the legal custody of their parents or guardians and does not have full legal autonomy

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13
Q

Who makes the Documentation Guidelines?

A
  • federal regulations
  • state statues
  • care standards
  • accreditation agencies
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14
Q

What are the Guidelines for documentation?

A
  • correct errors promptly
  • record facts , not opinions
  • write in permanent ink (black)
  • no blank spaces
  • begin entries with date/time
  • end with signature and title
  • avoid generalizations
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15
Q

What info should be in your documentation?

A
  • Factual
  • Accurate
  • Complete
  • Current
  • Organized
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16
Q

Paper record

A
  • episode-oriented
  • potential information loss between care episodes
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17
Q

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

A
  • digital patient medical record
  • integrates patient information
  • improves care continuity
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18
Q

Narrative

A

uses story-like format

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19
Q

SOAP or SOAPIE

A
  • Subjective: verbalizations of the patient
  • Objective: data measured and observed
  • Assessment: diagnosis based on date
  • Plan: what caregiver plans to do
  • Intervention
  • Evaluation
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20
Q

PIE

A

Problem
Intervention
Evaluation

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21
Q

Focus Charting
DAR

A

Data: subjective and objective
Action: action or nursing intervention
Response: response of the patient (ex. effectiveness)

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22
Q

Things to not include in charting?

A
  • “client” or “patient”
  • “I” or “me”
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23
Q

How should you sign a finished chart?

A

Ex.
K. Wilson, SN SMWC

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24
Q

What are the different types of Report?

A
  • Hand-off Report
  • Telephone order/report: READ BACK/ REPEAT any prescribed orders back to the physician or health care provider
  • Incident Report: event that is not consistent with routine of facility
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25
What is an Infectious Agent or Pathogen?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa (requires host to survive and multiply)
26
What is a Portal of Exit?
a place where microorganisms are able to exit and enter another host ex. - mouth - open wounds - bodily fluids
27
What is Direct Transmission?
- touching, biting, kissing, sneeze, cough - droplets spread within 3 ft - ex. mono, meningitis
28
What is indirect transmission?
- Vehicle-borne: toys, clothes, food, utensils - Vector-borne: transported by animal or insect - Airborne Transmission: droplets or dust carry the infectious agent ex. flu, covid
29
What is the order of the Chain of infection?
1. Portal of Entry: mouth, nose, wounds 2. Host: susceptibility depends on individuals resistance to pathogens 3. Infectious agent 4. Reservoir 5. Portal of Exit 6. Mode of transmission
30
What are the stages of the Infectious Process?
**Incubation**: interval between entrance of the symptom and appearance of symptoms **Prodromal stage**: interval from onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms **Illness Stage**: having symptoms specific to infection (whole body sickness) **Convalescence**: when acute symptoms of infection disappear (fever free)
31
Types of Infections
**Systemic infection**: affects the entire body instead of just a single organ (can become fatal) **Localized infection**: confined to specific area (wound infection)
32
Types of Health Care Associated Infections **HAI**
ex. CAUTI **Iatrogenic**: results from diagnostic or therapeutic procedure **Exogenous**: from external microorganism e. salmonella **Endogenous**: part of the Pt. flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results ex. streptococci
33
What are the major sites for HAI?
*pneumonia is a HUGE one* - surgical or traumatic wounds - urinary and respiratory tracts - Bloodstream
34
What are the Defenses our bodies have against infection?
- Mucous membranes - Cilia in airways
35
What is Asepsis and Aseptic Technique?
**Asepsis**: absence of pathogenic microorganisms **Aseptic Technique**: procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection
36
What is the difference between Medical and Surgical Asepsis?
**Medical Asepsis**: reducing organism numbers **Surgical Asepsis**: preventing contamination
37
Disinfection vs. Sterilization
**Disinfection**: eliminates many or all microorganisms *DOES NOT get rid of spores* **Sterilization**: complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms *INCLUDING spores*
38
What are the Isolation Precautions and when to use them?
- **Airborne**: MTV: measles, TB, Varicella N95 - **Droplet**: Meningitis, influinza surgical mask - **Contact**: c.diff, RSV, herpes, eye infections Gloves and Gown
39
Psychological Considerations of Isolation
- loneliness - potential psychological harm
40
What should you do when transporting a Pt. with an Airborne Infection?
pt. must wear a mask when leaving the room
41
Donning and Doffing PPE
**Donning**: 1. wash hands 2. gown 3. Mask 4. goggles 5. gloves **Removal**: 1. Gloves 2. Goggles 3. Gown (turn wrong side out) 4. Mask (untie bottom string first)
42
Why is oxygen important for humans?
**Low concentration**: - Nausea - dizziness - Headache - fatigue **High concentration**: - death within 1-3 min **Carbon monoxide**: - critical risk - colorless, odorless
43
Why is temperature important for humans?
**Normal**: - comfort zone 65 - 75 F **Hyperthermia**: - heatstroke - heat exhaustion **Hypothermia** - core body temp below 95 F (used after CPR to give heart time to heal) *elderly and young have trouble with temp regulation*
44
What are the the proper Nutrition requirements?
- proper food storage - clean drinking water - proper refrigeration **Common food borne illness** - e.coli - salmonella - shigella - listeria
45
Physical Environmental hazards
- lighting - Obstacles: rugs, cords, wet spots, clutter - Bathroom hazards: falls, cuts, burns, poisoning
46
Safety risks for children under 5 years
- HIGHEST risk for home accidents - lead poisoning - falls - fire hazards
47
Safety risks for School-Aged Children
- Automobile accidents - suicide risk - substance abuse - peer pressure challenges
48
Safety risks for Adolescents (middle school aged)
- automobile accidents - suicide risks - substance abuse - peer pressure challenge
49
Safety risks for Adults
- smoking - drinking - hazardous work activities
50
Safety risks for older adults
- broken stairs - icy sidewalks - inadequate lighting - throw rugs - exposed electrical cords
51
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
CMS now denies hospitals higher payments resulting from complications by a "never event"
52
What is a Never Event?
events that should never occur - falls - stage III pressure ulcer - CAUTI
53
What are the 6 rights of medication?
Right... - patient - time - dose - med - route - documentation
54
What is a Patient-inherent accident?
- self-induced - self-inflicted: cuts, injuries, burns, ingestion of foreign substances, seizures
55
How often do restraints have to be ordered?
every 24 hr - check circulation every 2 hr
56
What should you do when caring for a pt. having a seizure?
- Guide pt. to floor - Clear area - turn pt. on side, head tilted slightly forward - stay with pt. - when conscious reorient and reassure
57
What does RACE stand for?
**R**escue patients **A**ctivate alarm **C**onfine fire **E**xtinguish
58
What does PASS stand for?
**P**ull the pin **A**im at fire base **S**queeze handles **S**weep side to side
59
What are the 2 main types of pain?
**Acute/Transient Pain**: short duration, limited emotional response **Chronic/ Persistent noncancer**: no purpose, may or may not have identifiable cause ---Chronic episodic: occurs sporadically over extended duration ---Cancer: can be acute or chronic ---idiopathic: chronic pain without identifiable physical or psychological cause
60
What does the PQRST pain assessment method stand for?
P: provocation/ palliation Q: quality/ qauantity R: region/ radiation S: severity scale T: timing
61
What is CAM?
Complementary and Alternative Therapies medical practices that are not part of conventional medicine
62
What are the 5 main categories of CAM?
1. whole medical systems: traditional chinese 2. mind-body medicine: meditation, yoga 3. biologically based practices: herbal medicine 4. manipulative and body-based practices: chiropractic, massage 5. Energy Medicine: acupuncture, reiki
63
What are the common herbal supplements and what they are used for?
Echinacea: boots immunity Ginger: aids digestion and nausea Turmeric: anti-inflammatory properties Ginkgo Biloba: improves memory

Nursing Fundamentals (5 decks)

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