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Nursing Foundations > Exam #4 > Flashcards

Exam #4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Nursing Informatics?

A

The use of information and computer technology to support nursing practice
- helps you know how to find, evaluate, and use information effectively
- can be used for patient research
*know how to use it for your benefit

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2
Q

What is an EHR?

A

Electronic Health Record
- increasingly used to refer to a longitudinal (lifetime) record of all health care encounters for a patient

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3
Q

What is an EMR?

A

Electronic Medical Record
- The legal record that describes a single encounter or visit created in hospitals and outpatient settings
- source of data for the EHR

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4
Q

What is Clinical Decision Support?

A

CDSS
For improving the quality and safety of health care
- Automatic reminders about preventative practices
- Drug alerts for dosing and interactions
- Electronic resources for data interpretation and clinical decision making

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5
Q

What is alert fatigue?

A

You see so may alerts from the CDSS that you no longer take them seriously or ten to disregard them

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6
Q

What is a Computerized Provider Order Entry?

A

CPOE
Clinician with order writing authority sits at a computer to directly enter patient care orders
- Eliminates lost orders and illegible handwriting
- Prevents medical error

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7
Q

What does Information Communication do?

A

Interoperability of systems and linkages for exchange of data across disparate systems

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8
Q

What does Security do?

A

Provides better protections of confidential health information because of incorporated controls

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9
Q

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) provides?

A

Regulations to ensure privacy and security of patient

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10
Q

What is an Informatics Nurse specialist?

A

Education:
- 2 years of clinical practice
- successfully completion of the ANA Certification Examination in Nursing Informatics; 20 hours of CE informatics every 2 years
Responsibilities:
- Collects and analyze aggregate data
- Analyze available hardware and software
Role:
- manager, educator, Advocate for ethical issues

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11
Q

What should you look for when evaluating information?

A

Authority
- authority with regards to the topic, author, and authors credentials
- affiliation of the website is important
*do not trust .com (commercial enterprise)
Accuracy
- look for documentation and referencing
- compare information on the website with other sources
Usability
- is the site well designed, stable, and easy to use
- content should be error-free and readable by intended
Currency
- look for dates
- compare last update with current literature
Objectivity
- is the purpose of the website clear?
- is the information fact or opinion

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12
Q

What is theory?

A

A group of related concepts that explain existing phenomena and predict future events

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13
Q

What is the nursing metaparadigm?

A
  • Person: recipients of nursing care; individuals, families, groups, communities
  • Environment: within which the person exists; physical, social
  • Health: illness continuum within which the person falls at the interaction with the nurse
  • Nursing: actions, goals, rolls, functions
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14
Q

What is Grand Nursing Theories?

A

-Broadest scope and complex
- require further specification through research
- not specific

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15
Q

What is Mid-range Nursing Theories?

A
  • Narrower in scope; offer an effective fridge between grand nursing theories and nursing practice
  • is specific
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16
Q

What is Nursing Practice Theories?

A
  • Use within a specific range of nursing situations. Nursing practice theories provide frameworks for interventions
  • Used in the act of nursing
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17
Q

What is Florence Nightingale theory?

A
  • She was the first nursing theorist
  • Maintained by control of environment
  • providing fresh air, worth, cleanliness, good diet, quiet, light, etc.
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18
Q

What is Betty Neuman theory?

A
  • Views a patient as being an open system that is in constant energy exchange with the enviroment that the nurse must help cope with stressors
  • person is an open system with internal and external stressors
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19
Q

What is Hildegard Peplau theory?

A
  • focus on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and patient’s family
  • identify the patients feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness
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20
Q

What is Dorothea Orem theory?

A
  • the goal of nursing is to help the patient perform self-care
  • people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
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21
Q

What is Sister Calista Roy Theory?

A
  • person has mutual relationships with the word and God
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22
Q

What is Madeline Leninger theory?

A
  • focus on cultural diversity
  • Integrates patients cultural traditions, values and beliefs into care plans
23
Q

What is Jean Watson Theory?

A
  • understand the interrelationship between health, illness, and human behavior
  • help persons attain a higher level of harmony within the mind-body-spirit
  • Holistic outlook
24
Q

What is Margaret Newman Theory?

A
  • defines health as “expanding consciousness”, or increasing complexity
  • the process of expanding consciousness
25
Q

What is Merle Mishel Theory?

A
  • stress-producing and capable of contributing to negative physical and/ or psychological outcomes
  • uncertainty exists when client is unsure about diagnosed illness
26
Q

What is Imogen King theory?

A
  • nurse helps with goal attainment
  • The nurse and patient mutually communicate, establish goals and take action to attain goals
27
Q

What is nursing research?

A

Systematic inquiry or study conducted to generate new knowledge or to refine existing knowledge

28
Q

What is the research process?

A
  • Identify area of inquiry
  • develop research question/hypothesis
  • determine how study will be conducted
  • conduct the study
  • analyze results of the study
  • address implications for nursing practice
29
Q

What are research designs?

A

Plans that tell a researcher how data are to be collected, from whom data are to be collected, and how data will be analyze to answer specific research questions

30
Q

What is quantitative and qualitative?

A
  • Quantitative: quantity, has to be a #; deriving meaning from the statistical analysis of numbers
  • Qualitative: descriptors; a method of research designed for discovery rather than for verification
31
Q

What is phenomenology?

A

It is designed to provide an understanding of the patients “lived experience”

32
Q

What is ethnography?

A

A method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective

33
Q

What is grounded theory?

A

A method designed to explore a social process and develop a theory

34
Q

What is a nurses role in research?

A
  • Read and critically appraise studies
  • Use best research evidence in practice with guidance
  • Assist with research problem identification and data collection
35
Q

What is EBP?

A

Evidence-based practice
- used to deliver optimal healthcare through the integration of best current evidence, clinical expertise, and patient/family values
*based on patient values and expectations

36
Q

What does PICOT stand for?

A

P: population, patient, problem
I: intervention or exposure
C: comparison
O: outcome
T: time

37
Q

What is expectation of the Professional nurse?

A

Understands power and empowerment

38
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to use emotions effectively and is required by leaders/managers in order to enhance their success
*starts with your moral values

39
Q

What is the difference between leaders and managers?

A

Leaders:
May not have or all authority but are still able to influence others
Managers:
Someone who has a title; have an appointed management position and a formal line or authority and accountability
*managers are not always considered a leader

40
Q

What is a transactional leader and a transformational leader?

A

Transactional: focused on the day-to-day questions of the facility/unit
Transformational: Committed to organizational goals and clearly communicate vision and direction; empowers the work group to accomplish goals

41
Q

What is a servant leader?

A

Putting others including employees, customers, and the community as the number one priority

42
Q

What are Lewin’s stages of change?

A
  1. Unfreezing stage: change agent promotes problem identification and encourages awareness of the need for change
  2. Moving stage: change agent clarifies the need to change, explores alternatives, defines goals and objectives, plans the change and implements the change plan
  3. Refreezing stage: change agent integrates the change into the organization
43
Q

What is delegation?

A

Transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from one individual to another while accountability for the outcome is retained
- RN delegator is responsible for:
— the act of delegation
— supervising the performance of the delegated task
— assessment and follow-up evaluation
- Delegatee is accountable for:
— his or her own actions
— accepting delegation within the parameters of training
— communicate information to the delegator

44
Q

What are things a nurse cannot delegate?

A
  • Initial assessment or any assessment that requires nursing knowledge
  • determining a nursing diagnosis
  • establishing nursing care goals
  • development of a nursing care plan
  • evaluation of patients progress
  • health counseling or teaching
  • activities that require specialized nursing knowledge or judgement
45
Q

What is quality and quality improvement?

A
  • Quality: the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
  • quality improvement: the use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes, and uses improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality
46
Q

What are the principles of quality improvement?

A
  • Customer defines quality
  • Scientific approach: organizational support for all employees to develop knowledge and skills in the science of QI
47
Q

What are the Institute of Medicine 6 guiding AIMS?

A

STEEEP
- Safe: Avoiding injuries to patients caused by the care intended to help them
- Timely: reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for those receiving care
- Effective: providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit
- Efficient: avoiding waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy
- Equitable: providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, etc.
- Patient-centered: providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions

48
Q

What is the Joint Commission?

A

TJC
- one of the first accreditation agencies to embrace QI principles as an accreditation requirement in hospitals
- TJC accreditation: demonstrates that they have achieved a “gold seal of approval” in quality and safety standards

49
Q

What is a flow chart?

A

Maps out what actually occurs in a work process
- includes steps and substeps and who does the work

50
Q

What is a Pareto chart?

A

(Bar chart)
Reflects frequency at which events occur, or the effect events have on a process

51
Q

What is a cause-and-effect diagram?

A

(Fishbone)
- lists potential causes arranged by category to show their effect on a problem
- helps determine potential causes of a problem

52
Q

What is a run chart?

A

Graph of data points as they occur overtime
*sometimes referred to as time plots

53
Q

What are the quality improvement methodologies?

A

PDSA
Plan: begin with planning the changes to a process that are to be implemented and tested
Do: carry out the plan and make the desired changes to the process
Study: review the impact and outcomes of the implemented changes
Act: determine if the changes can be implemented as is or if further cycles are necessary refinement

54
Q

What is a Just Culture?

A

Recognizes errors as a system failure rather than individual failures and at the same time does not shrink from holding individuals accountable for their actions

Nursing Foundations (4 decks)

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