Exam 4

Question 1

The display of pairs of chromosomes based on banding pattern and arranged by size and shape is called

Answer 1

Karyotype

Question 2

If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis it is called

Answer 2

non-disjunction

Question 3

Genes on ___ chromosome determine the development of male genitals

Answer 3

Y

Question 4

Name two sex linked disorders in males:

Answer 4

Hemophilia, Color blindness

Question 5

Define the word mutation.

Answer 5

Any change in DNA or chromosomes

Question 6

DNA is made up of

Answer 6

deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base & phosphate group

Question 7

Name the four bases found in DNA

Answer 7

Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

Question 8

The two strands of DNA form

Answer 8

a double helix

Question 9

A pairs with ___ and C pairs with___

Answer 9

T, G

Question 10

The enzyme used in DNA replication is called

Answer 10

DNA Polymerase

Question 11

DNA replication is called _____ because ______

Answer 11

semiconservative, each new double helix has one old strand and one new strand.

Question 12

Name the three kinds of RNA:

Answer 12

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA

Question 13

State three differences between RNA and DNA:

Answer 13

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded, DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose, DNA has thymine while RNA has uracil

Question 14

Define alleles:

Answer 14

Genes that code for a characteristic such as eye color

Question 15

Define dominant:

Answer 15

Majority characteristic

Question 16

Define recessive:

Answer 16

Minority characteristic

Question 17

Define genotype:

Answer 17

Genes of an individual

Question 18

Define phenotype:

Answer 18

The characteristic that is shown on the
outside

Question 19

Homozygous means ________

Answer 19

that the two members of the allelic pair are the same such as WW.

Question 20

Heterozygous means ___________

Answer 20

that the two members of the allelic pair are different such as Ww.

Question 21

Egg and sperm ______

Answer 21

have only one allele for each trait

Question 22

A blue-eyed man marries a brown eyed woman whose father was blue eyed and mother was brown eyed. What are the chances that the children will be blue eyed ?

Answer 22

50%

Question 23

A blue-eyed man marries a brown eyed woman whose father was blue eyed and mother was brown eyed. What are the chances that the children will be brown eyed?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

When a genetic disease is ______, an individual with the alleles AA or Aa will have the disorder and will show up in every generation.

Answer 24

autosomal dominant

Question 25

In Huntington’s disease,

Answer 25

there is a progressive degeneration of brain cells.

Question 26

Name three autosomal recessive diseases:

Answer 26

sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, PKU

Question 27

Polygenic inheritance occurs when

Answer 27

one trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles.

Question 28

Give an example of trait governed by multiple alleles.

Answer 28

human height

Question 29

Which blood type represents co-dominance

Answer 29

AB