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Bio > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Write the equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 6H20 à C6H12O6 + 602

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2
Q

What are the two major reactions of the photosynthesis?

A

Light dependent and light independent

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3
Q

Light independent reactions are also known as

A

Calvin cycle

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4
Q

How many turns of the cycle produce a 3-carbon sugar?

A

3 turns

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5
Q

Flat sacs inside of the chloroplast are called

A

grana

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6
Q

What are the two photosystems and what does each produce?

A

ATP and NADPH

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7
Q

Give an example of a C3 plant

A

Rice

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8
Q

Give an example of C4 plant

A

Corn

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9
Q

Give an example of a plant that carries out photosynthesis at night.

A

Cactus and pineapple

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10
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Plants absorb all wavelengths of light other than green

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11
Q

Write the overall cellular respiration equation:

A

C6H1206 + 602 à 6C02 + 6H20

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12
Q

List the four stages of aerobic cellular
respiration:

A

Glycolysis
Transition reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

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13
Q

NAD* accepts electrons and becomes

A

NADH

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14
Q

FAD Accepts two electrons and becomes

A

FADH2

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15
Q

Glycolysis is break down of

A

Glucose to 2 pyruvate

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16
Q

Glycolysis takes place in

A

cytoplasm outside of mitochondria

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17
Q

How many net ATP molecules are formed during glycolysis

A

2 net

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18
Q

Inner-membrane of mitochondria are called _____ and innermost compartment is
called _______

A

cristae, matrix

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19
Q

Transition reaction and Krebs’s cycle enzymes are located in ______ while _______ is located in cristae.

A

Matrix, electron
transport chain

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20
Q

In transition reaction, pyruvate is converted to two carbon ______ which enters the Krebs’s cycle.

A

acetyl COA

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21
Q

How many turns does Krebs’s cycle make per glucose molecule?

A

2 turns

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22
Q

Per cycle, Krebs’s cycle produces

A

2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP

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23
Q

In electron transport chain, what is the final acceptor of electrons

A

oxygen which is
converted to
water

24
Q

What percent of energy of glucose becomes ATP _______ and what percent becomes heat ________

A

40%
60%

25
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced per
molecule of NADH ______ and FADH ________

A

3, 2

26
Q

How many total ATP molecules are produced in a prokaryotic cell?

A

38

27
Q

How many total ATP molecules are produced inside of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells

A

36

28
Q

Fats are broken down to _________ which enters the Krebs’s cycle.

A

acetyl COA

29
Q

Fermentation does not require

A

oxygen

30
Q

Fermentation consists of glycolysis and one other reaction that might convert

A

pyruvate to lactic acid

31
Q

One product of fermentation is a two carbon molecule called

A

ethyl alcohol

32
Q

What percent of energy of glucose is converted to ATP in fermentation?

A

2%

33
Q

Where in human body does anaerobic respiration happen ______ and final product is _____

A

muscle cells, lactic acid

34
Q

Which one of the following molecules is more efficient in energy storage?
- Fats
- Carbohydrates

A

fats

35
Q

Diploid

A

full number of chromosomes

35
Q

Haploid

A

Half of the number of chromosomes

36
Q

Cytokinesis

A

is division of cytoplasm

37
Q

Define mitosis

A

Cell division in which it
produces two daughter cells that are identical to the mother cell

38
Q

What happens during the metaphase stage of cell cycle?

A

Chromosomes and their copies are located in middle
of the cell

39
Q

What happens during the anaphase stage of cell cycle?

A

Sister chromatids start to separate from each other

40
Q

Define meiosis

A

Cell division in which it produces 4 cells each with half as many chromosomes as the mother cell

41
Q

What are gametes and how many chromosomes do they have in humans?

A

sperm and egg, 23

42
Q

What is crossing over ?

A

When homologous chromosomes exchange parts

43
Q

Meiosis is divided into two stages called

A

meiosis I, Meiosis Il

44
Q

Give one big importance of meiosis.

A

It keeps the chromosomes numbers constant

45
Q

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, It is called

A

non-disjunction

46
Q

Persons with Down syndrome have three copies of the chromosome

A

21

47
Q

A female with one X chromosome has

A

turner syndrome

48
Q

A male that has XXY sex chromosomes has

A

Klinefelter syndrome

49
Q

What happens during the telophase stage of cell cycle?

A

Sister chromatids arrive at the poles, centrioles
disintegrate, nucleolus reappears, cytokinesis starts

50
Q

Crossing over occurs during

A

prophase 1

51
Q

Define karyotype

A

a photographic inventory
of an individual’s chromosomes

52
Q

Name three symptoms of Down syndrome

A

Low IQ, Tongue larger than mouth, slanted eyes

53
Q

Name two symptoms of Turner syndrome.

A

Short height, no menstrual cycle, no breast development

54
Q

Name two symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.

A

Breast development, tall height, long limbs, small testis

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