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Intro Psych 2 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality describes a person’s

A

enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors.

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2
Q

Experiencing joy is related to an increase in _______ hemisphere activity.

A

left

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3
Q

________ validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the entity that it is supposed to measure.

A

Construct

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4
Q

__________ validity refers to the extent to which the values of a test can be used to estimate some outcome.

A

Predictive

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5
Q

If scores on a personality test are correlated with future sales of employees, then the personality test has

A

predictive validity.

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6
Q

Gardner argues for _________based on the results of factor analysis, profiles of gifted people, and evidence from brain-damaged patients

A

multiple intelligences

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7
Q

For argument sake, let’s say that a personality test does not measure personality. However, suppose that it can be used to predict future emotional problems. In terms of validity, what could we conclude about the test (assume that high refers to the test having that characteristic)?

A

the personality test is low in terms of construct validity and high in terms of predictive validity

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8
Q

While ________will be informative about the number of factors that best describes a large number of item responses, it does not tell us what to call the factors.

A

factor analysis

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9
Q

If we plot score on the X axis and frequency of the score on the Y axis, we find that the distribution of scores on a personality trait is

A

normal

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10
Q

Which of the following is a problem with developing an intelligence test based on a single theory of intelligence?

A

no theory of intelligence is universally accepted as the correct theory

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11
Q

According to Sternberg, ________ refers to encoding the problem and creating general problem-solving strategies.

A

global planning

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12
Q

The IQs of identical twins reared together are usually found to be _______ than identical twins who were separated from one another at an early age.

A

more similar

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13
Q

According to lecture, PET studies have shown that when performing a task, when one repeats performing a task, (s)he tends to

A

metabolize less glucose than when (s)he first performed the task.

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14
Q

Which of the following is/are (an) example(s) of (a) construct(s)?

A

both intelligence and conscientiousness are examples

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15
Q

According to the lecture, ___________ measure(s) the information processing component of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?

A

typical IQ and group aptitude tests

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16
Q

Which of the following types of reliability could be used to assess the reliability of Olympic judges’ ratings of gymnastic performances?

A

inter-rater reliability

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17
Q

Which of the following statistics is used to determine reliability?

A

the correlation coefficient

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18
Q

According to reversal theory, when people are in their paratelic state, they are in their ______ state.

A

party

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19
Q

Researchers who examine the structure of intelligence using the psychometric approach will use _________ to determine the structure of their model.

A

factor analysis

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20
Q

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the weakest relationship?

A

.05 (look at first digit)

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21
Q

Collectivist cultures emphasize

A

group success over individual success.

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22
Q

Which of the following brain structures is most related to emotion and has shown individual differences in activity for people processing novel stimuli?

A

amygdala

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23
Q

In a between-subjects design, each participant is exposed to _____ level(s) of the independent variable.

A

1

24
Q

Which of the following is/are (an) example(s) of a negative correlation?

A

As social-economic status increases, anxiety decreases

25
Q

Suppose that one compares reaction time between one group of uninhibited children to another group of inhibited children. The research design would be a ______ design.

A

between-subjects

26
Q

Sternberg performed research on analogy problems. On each trial, a subject would be exposed to a relationship on the first screen (e.g., doctor: patient), and an analogy problem on the second screen lawyer a) lawsuit b) client) for which the subject would attempt to solve the analogy. Each subject determined how long to view the first screen and (s)he solved the problems on the second screen as quickly and accurately as possible. The results were that

A

high IQ individuals spent more time on the first screen and less time on the second screen than low IQ individuals.

27
Q

Research from Cooper and Zubek (1958) shows that the extent to which genetics influences rats maze running performance

A

depends on the environment in which the rats were raised

28
Q

Compared to extraverts, introverts

A

show significant differences in sensitivity to emotional stimuli

29
Q

Based on the research of Davidson and Fox (1989) and Fox (1991), having a stranger approach a 10-month old child will result in an increase in ________ activity as measured by EEG relative to having the child’s mother approach the child.

A

right hemisphere

30
Q

Those with a(n) _____ locus of control are more likely to be pessimists than those with a(n) _____ locus of control.

A

external, internal

31
Q

Based on the research of Davidson and Fox (1989) and Fox (1991), something ______ placed on the tongue of a 10-month old child will result in an increase in right hemisphere activity as measured by EEG.

A

sour

32
Q

According to lecture, PET studies have shown that when higher IQ individuals and lower IQ individuals perform the same task, the brains of individuals with high IQs tend to

A

metabolize less glucose overall, but they metabolize more glucose in specific regions thought to be needed for the task than individuals with low IQs.

33
Q

People with Type _______ personality pattern would tend to become easily angered by slow-moving lines of traffic.

A

A

34
Q

When tested with a ________ test, one describes a set of ambiguous pictures, and the clinician looks for consistencies in the responses.

A

projective test

35
Q

People use performance standards to judge the success of their behaviors. According to lecture, when a person does not usually meet their performance standards, they tends to develop a(n)

A

external locus of control

36
Q

. _____ tend to be outgoing, socially active, and daring.

A

Extroverts

37
Q

______ individuals are responsible

A

Conscientious

38
Q

Epstein (1979) measured the relationship between extraversion and the number of social contacts initiated. The correlation was highest when the number of social contacts was measured

A

over a two-week period

39
Q

Fluid intelligence refers to

A

the speed and accuracy of abstract reasoning.

40
Q

Crystallized intelligence refers to

A

the accumulation of knowledge.

41
Q

Studies have shown that, when comparing the IQ scores of pairs of identical twins to IQ scores of pairs of fraternal twins, the correlation coefficients are higher for the identical twins. What does this outcome indicate?

A

IQ scores are more similar between pairs of identical twins than between pairs of fraternal twins.

42
Q

According to lecture, which of the following is NOT a component of Type A personality?

A

being calm

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of Eysenck’s personality super traits?

A

creativity

44
Q

Based on the lecture on intelligence, one could probably conclude that intelligence is influenced by __________ factors.

A

both genetic and environmental

45
Q

When comparing pairs of monozygotic twins to pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins on the big 5 personality traits, one finds that the correlation coefficients are stronger for the DZ pairs on

A

none of the big 5 measures

46
Q

Temperament refers to

A

one’s general emotional disposition.

47
Q

Experiencing _____ is associated with relatively more left hemisphere activity than right hemisphere activity.

A

both happiness and anger

48
Q

Binet was hired by the French government to develop a test that could be used to identify children having difficulties acquiring skills needed for success in school. When developing test questions, Binet relied mostly on

A

the ability to discriminate among children of varying abilities.

49
Q

Based on research on analogy problems (e.g., doctor: patient; lawyer a) lawsuit b) client), Sternberg proposed two types of processes. What are they?

A

global-planning, local-planning

50
Q

In a quasi-experiment, intelligence, working memory capacity, gender, etc. are varied via a ______-subjects design.

A

between

51
Q

Which of the following groups of twin pairs are most strongly correlated for IQ?

A

monozygotic twins raised together

52
Q

Successful people in the business world tend to be _________ risk takers

A

moderate

53
Q

Which of the following describes a hierarchical model of intelligence?

A

A general factor is moderately related to all of our intellectual abilities but several other factors are very strongly related to specific subsets of abilities.

54
Q

An early study by Friedman and Rosenman (1956) found a link between ______ personality type and heart disease

A

Type A/Type B

55
Q

Which of the following is one of the big 5 personality traits?

A

extraversion-introversion

Intro Psych 2 (3 decks)

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