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Health Assessment > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

Neurologic, Musculoskeletal, & Female/Male Genitalia

1
Q

Function of the Frontal Lobe

A

-Controls communication (talking/walking)

-Judgement

-Reasoning

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2
Q

Function of the Parietal Lobe

A

Tactile sensation (Pain, temperature, & shape)

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3
Q

Function of the Occipital Lobe

A

Ability to read with understanding

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4
Q

Function of the Temporal Lobe

A

Interprets impulses to the ear; interprets auditory stimuli

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5
Q

Name & Function of CN I

A

Olfactory; sense of smell

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6
Q

Name & Function of CN II

A

Optic; Visual impulses to brain

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7
Q

Name & Function of CN III

A

Oculomotor; Eye movement (Constriction of pupils)

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8
Q

Name & Function of CN IV

A

Trochlear; Extraoccular eye movements

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9
Q

Name & Function of CN V

A

Trigeminal; Controls impulses of pain, temperature, & pain to the brain

-Controls jaw movements (chewing, biting)

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10
Q

Name & Function of CN VI

A

Abducens; Controls lateral eye movements

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11
Q

Name & Function of CN VII

A

Facial; Stimulates salvia & tears

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12
Q

Name & Function of CN VIII

A

Acoustic, vestibulocochlea; Hearing & balance

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13
Q

Name & Function of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal; Gag reflex

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14
Q

Name & Function of CN X

A

Vagus; Swallowing, talking, production of digestive juices

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15
Q

Name & Function of CN XI

A

Spinal accessory; Promotes movement of shoulder & head rotation

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16
Q

Name & Function of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal; Controls tongue movements

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17
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

-Coordination
-Voluntary movements
-Maintains balance
-Maintains muscle tone

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18
Q

Special Considerations of Infants (Mental)

A

-Emotional and cognitive function are not completely developed at birth

-Attention span increases

-Mental disorders may develop between 2-8 years old (ADHD, ADD, Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral patterns)

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19
Q

Special Considerations of Aging Adults (Mental)

A

-No decrease in general knowledge or vocabulary

-Response time decreases

-Recent memory may have slight decrease; remote memory intact

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20
Q

Why is the CAGE assessments & what do the questions include?

A

Four questions to assess alcohol dependence

  1. Cut down on your drinking
  2. Annoyed by people asking about your drinking
  3. Guilty about drinking
  4. Eye-opener in the morning to relieve shakes
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21
Q

What does an 8 or more AUDIT score indicate?

A

Hazardous and harmful alcohol use; possible alcohol dependence

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22
Q

What does a 10 or less indicate on a Glasgow scale?

A

Emergency treatment

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23
Q

What does a 7 or less indicate on a Glasgow scale?

A

Coma

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24
Q

Order of LOC assessment?

A
  1. Call patient’s name
  2. Call name louder
  3. Shake patient gently
  4. Apply painful stimuli
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25
Q

Test CN I (Olfactory) & Abnormal finding

A

-Occlude one nostril & identify scented smell

Abnormal: Inability to smell (neurogenic anosmia) or lesion/tumor of frontal lobe

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26
Q

Test CN II (optic) & Abnormal finding

A

-Use Snellen or Jaeger chart

Abnormal: Inability to read Snellen chat or holds newpaper further or father (presbyopia) 14in

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27
Q

Assess CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens) & Abnormal finding

A

-Assess margins of the eyes, extraoccular movements & pupillary reaction

Abnormal: Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) seen in gravis

Limited eye movement through the six cardinal fields of gaze: increased intracranial pressure

Dilated pupil (6–7 mm): oculomotor nerve paralysis

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28
Q

Assess CN V (trigeminal) & Abnormal finding

A

-Clench teeth while palpating TMJ
-Test sensory function using sharp & dull stimuli
-Test corneal reflex; Touch cornea w/cotton swab

Abnormal: Unilateral muscle weakness, lesion, or asymmetric strength

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29
Q

Test CN VII (facial) & Abnormal finding

A

Test motor function: Smile, frown, push cheeks, raise eyebrows, etc

Abnormal: Inability to perform actions may indicate Bell palsy or stroke

30
Q

Test CN VIII (acoustic/vestibulocochlear) & Abnormal finding

A

-Perform Weber & Romberg test

Abnormal: Sensorineural loss

31
Q

Test CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) & Abnormal finding

A

-Patient says “Ah” & compress patients tongue, test gag reflex & ability to swallow

Abnormal: Soft palate doesn’t rise or unilateral rising of soft palate w/deviation of uvula (CN X)

Absent gag reflex (IX)

Difficulty swallowing

32
Q

Test CN XI (spinal accessory) & Abnormal finding

A

-Shrug & turn head against resistance

Abnormal: Asymmetric movement of shoulders indicates paralysis. Atrophy w/peripheral nerve disease

33
Q

Test CN XII (hypoglossal) & Abnormal finding

A

-Protrude tongue

Abnormal: Peripheral nerve disease

34
Q

Special Considerations Older Adults (Musculoskeletal)

A

-Decrease bone density; Risk for bone fractures

-Osteoporosis is common

-Decreased reflex, slower movements, decreased tendon elasticity

-Impaired sense of position; Risk for falls

-Exaggerated thoracic curve (kyphosis) is common

35
Q

Special Considerations of Pregnancy (Musculoskeletal)

A

-Exaggerated lumbar curve (lordosis)

36
Q

Characteristics of Osteoarthritis

A

-Pain begins in joints or one side of body improving w/ rest & worsening w/rainy whether & joint stiffness in the morning

37
Q

Diet high in purine (sardines, meat, liver) increases the risk for what?

A

Gouty arthritis

38
Q

How to perform Lasegue Test or Straight leg Raising?

A

Patient raises relaxed leg independently to point of pain & at point of pain nurse dorsiflexes foot

39
Q

What does the Straight leg test for?

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

40
Q

Perform the Squeeze test

A

Squeeze patients knuckle joints

41
Q

What does extreme pain indicate during a Squeeze test?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis or Psoriatic arthritis of the hand

42
Q

Four tests for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

-Phalen test

-Tinel sign

-Flick Signal

-Thumb weakness

43
Q

How to perform Phalen test?

A

Place fingers against each other while flexing wrists 90 degrees pointed downward. Hold position for 60 sec

44
Q

What does a Postive Phalen test indicate?

A

Tingling, numbness, burning or pain= CTS

45
Q

How to perform Tinel Sign?

A

Percuss over median nerve (inner aspect of wrist)

46
Q

Positive Tinel Sign

A

Tingling or shocking sensation

47
Q

How to perform Flick signal?

A

Ask patient “What do you do when your symptoms are worse?”

48
Q

Positive Flick signal

A

Patient shakes wrist when asked question

49
Q

How to test for Thumb Weakness

A

Have patient raise their thumb from the palm & stretch to pinkie

50
Q

How is palpate osteoarthritis?

A

Hard, painless nodules may be seen over the distal interphalangeal joints (Heberden nodes)

51
Q

What is a Dupuytren contracture?

A

Inability to extend the ring & little finger

52
Q

S/S of fractured hip

A

Inability to stand, Instability, & deformed hip area

53
Q

S/S of Hip inflammation

A

Tenderness, edema, decreased ROM & crepitus

54
Q

Definition of Genu Valgum

A

Knees turn inward (Knock knees)

55
Q

Definition of Genu Varum

A

Knees turn out (bower legs)

56
Q

Perform the Bulge Test

A

While patient in supine, use palm of your hands to firmly stroke the medial side of knees upward 3-4 times

57
Q

Perform the Ballottement Test

A

Firmly press nondominant hand & index finger on each side of patella. Use dominant hand to push patella down onto femur

58
Q

Positive Ballottement Test

A

Fluid wave or click palpated. Indicates meniscal tears

59
Q

ROM of Knees

A

-Hyperextension

-Extension

-Flexion

60
Q

ROM for Toes & Ankles

A

-Inversion

-Eversion

-Dorsiflexion

-Plantar flexion

61
Q

Signs of Corns

A

Painful thickening of the skin over bony prominences & pressure points

62
Q

What is Boutonnière deformity

A

Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint and hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint

63
Q

What is Swan-neck deformity

A

Hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint with flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint

64
Q

Definition of Pes Cavus

A

Feet w/ high arches

65
Q

Definition of Pes Planus

A

No arches, Flat feet

66
Q

Special Considerations Female Genitalia (Pregnant Women)

A

-Hemorrhoids

-Walls of vagina appear cyanosis or violet due to hyperemia

-Hegar sign: Sthmus of the uterus feels softer and is more easily compressed between two
hands

67
Q

Special Considerations Female Genitalia (Older adults)

A

-Susceptible to vaginal infection due to atrophy

-Decreased estrogen

-Urinary incontinue

-Thin, graying pubic hair

-Cervic appears pale after menopause

68
Q

Patient education regarding HPV

A

-USE PROTECTION

-Avoid sex at early age & multiple partners

-AVOID high risk sexual activities

-Peform Pap smear every three years for ages 21 & older

69
Q

Definition of Pediculosis Pubis

A

Pubic lice or “Crabs”
-Lice or eggs at base of pubic hair

70
Q

Definition of Trichomoniasis

A

-Yellowish-green discharge, frothy, & foul smelling

-Itching & urinary frequency

-Red & swollen labia

-pH >4.5

71
Q

Definition of Candidal Vaginitis

A

-Thick, White, Cheesy discharge

-Swollen & red labia

Cause: Yeast infection

72
Q

Special Considerations for Male Genitalia (Older adults)

A

-Scrotum enlargement
-Pubic hair may be gray & sparse
-Scrotal sac tends to droop
-Erectile dysfunction increases

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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