Exam 4 Flashcards
Mainstream Jazz
Is 1950s and ’60s jazz music with typical bebop language and continuation of the Charlie and Dizzy tradition still big bands currently as well but most go to small groups (combos).
Rock and Roll
The biggest competitor to jazz music.
Hardbop
Modified bebop. It ethnicizes bebop and adds a little sugar to it.
Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers
Art Blakey was a drummer; he had a small group with a piano player named Horace Silver and their group was the Jazz Messengers. The two parted their own ways Horace went on and had his own group and Art Blakey got his own Group and kept the name Art Blakey and the jazz messengers the group was usually young to mid-20-year-olds. They would travel across the country and around the world. He wanted a fiery sound from his group. He also made sure that his drums were a very prevalent sound in their music because he was the leader of the group.
Jaz Messengers Purpose
They would travel to jazz clubs and bars and other things Blakey’s mission was to take these younger musicians for two years and then replace them once they got good, and he kept doing this in an ongoing cycle. They would go on to form their own groups.
Dynamic Contrast
The contrast between loud and soft
Listening part (moanin’)
AAAMMMEEENNN - Soul Jazz almost sounds like a rock tune.
Lee Morgan – Trumpet Solo.
Song Form – call and response, bridge, AABA.
Horace Silver
Piano player. Was a great composer. Sometimes has a Latin flare to his music.
Funky and soul Jazz years
1950’s-60’s
Clifford Brown and Max Roach
Clifford Brown (trumpet) died in a car wreck the night that he had a performance he died at a young age. Max Roach (drums) was a very influential musician and civil rights movement.
Freedom Now (jazz Suite)
co-wrote by Max Roach and is a civil rights movement piece. Singer abbey Lincoln who was briefly married to Max Roach.
Joy spring (professors favorite)
Clifford Brown and Max Roach – Song form AABA. Professors’ favorite song.
Postmodern Jazz
Anything after cool jazz or the last unit.
Ornette Coleman
Saxophone player he was most popular for his free jazz approach.
Art
its possibilities are endless and crazy.
Free Jazz Album
by Ornette Coleman Quartet is one of the top 10 most influential jazz albums but not for the sound of the actual music. Created kind of a firestorm in the jazz community.
Lots of similarities to bebop.
The Ornette Coleman Quartet
Saxophone, drums, bass, and Trumpet Don Cherry.
Free Jazz Sounds
out of tune and not in order and chaotic to the professor.
Jazz organ Trio
three instruments electric organ specifically the Hammond B3 has a bit of a vibrato sound to it, the organ has two sets of keyboards and a set of keys for your feet. The other instruments are the guitar and drums. The guitar is electric and connected to an amplifier. Missing a bass but they fix this by the organ playing the walking bass line with their feet.
What Organ is most commonly used
Hammond B3
James and Wes (song)
Wes Montgomery guitar player, Jimmy Smith organ player
Charles Mingus
Grew up wanting to become an orchestral trombone player but realized the color of his skin would hold him back. He decided to form his own group become a jazz musician and hire the people he wanted to hire. The Mingus Big Band. Mingus had a bit of a volatile personality.
Fables of Faubus
(Faubus the governor of Arkansas who tried keeping the Little Rock Nine out of the schools)
The birth of the cool Album
The Birth of the Cool album by Miles Davis is very important to jazz. The composer was Gil Evans.
Milestones
Miles Davis album
Sketches of Spain
Spanish-influenced music played by Miles Davis.
Porgy and Bess
arranged by Gil Evens A tune of this album is called Summertime.
Chameleon
Miles exists in at least 6 different categories of jazz music he was very diverse and changed for example MODAL, Cool, progressive, Bebop, jazz-rock fusion, and Pop jazz. Also did some orchestral jazz or third stream.
Modal Jazz
is music that is focused on very few harmonies.
Harmon Mute
Miles used a Harmon mute very often that has kind of a bubbly sound to it.
The Second Great Quintet
(Miles Davis trumpet, Wayne Shorter saxophone, Herbie Hancock piano, Ron Carter Bass, Tony Williams drums) – They started to incorporate free jazz into what they were doing.
Orbits
Wayne Shorter wrote this tune. Progressive jazz
Bitches Brew
Top 3 album for all jazz
Jazz-rock fusion
jazz and rock were both influenced by each other.
Miles Davis Sidemen
John Coltrane Saxophone, Lester Young Saxophone, Coleman Hawkins Saxophone
John Coltrane
Coleman Hawkins tradition. John played the soprano saxophone.
- heavy sheets of sound up and down
Maynard Ferguson
Trumpet Player – Gonna Fly Now is the theme music for Rocky in the movie.
Tower of Power
Diggin on James Brown which was a 12-bar blues.
Herbie Hancock
A keyboard player he formed a group called the Headhunters their well-known tune was called Chameleon. Eventually went away from his group and became a soloist and his hit son Rocket was very well known for playing the keytar keyboard guitar mix.
Weather Report
Joe Zawinul – Played the keyboard.
Wayne Shorter
(saxophone) – wrote a tune named Orbits.
Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter Group
These two made a group called (weather report) a lot of synthetic and electric sounds Jocko Pastorious was a famous bass guitar player who didn’t like wearing a shirt.
Herbie Hancock and the Headhunters
a famous tune was called Chameleon.
John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra
John formed this group that is a rock band with violinists they had some very distorted sounds. John was a guitar player.
Chick Corea and the return to forever
Chick was a piano player who was classically trained.
Chuck Mangione
trumpet and flugelhorn player famous song (Feel So Good).
Jazz around the world
Jazz is no longer a singular American thing. Some jazz musicians from America would move to other countries because they would get more appreciation and better pay.
ECM
(Editions contemporary music) they liked non-electric jazz.
Keith Jarrett
A piano player who played with Miles Davis he went towards ECM’s style of playing. He uses vamps in his playing a lot. He has kind of a country-sounding style of play. Moved to Europe and was usually a jazz piano trio player.
Famous tune - Windup
Wynton Marsalis
Became the first person to win Grammy awards in jazz and classical recordings in the same year. Came from a long line of jazz musicians his dad was a piano player and most of his children became jazz musicians.
Metric Modulation
you can come up with a new pulse by changing the pattern of the notes being played.
Anthony Braxton
He operates in more of a big band capacity he also mixes in elements of free jazz like group improvisation.
Big Bands
– in the 1960s it picked up at universities. A very well-known one was the Stan Kenton big band they used some very odd brass playing techniques.
Moanin
Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers
Daahoud
Clifford Brown
James and Wes
Jazz organ trio Jimmy Smith and Wes Montgomery
Mind and Time
Ornette Coleman
Milestones
Miles Davis
Orbits
Miles Davis written by Wayne shorter
Afro Blue
John Coltrane
Palladium - Weather Report
Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter
Heavy Metal
Chick Corea
Windup
Keith Jarrett
Delfeayos Dilema
Wynton Marsalis
Piece 1
Anthony Braxton
