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Jazz Appreciation Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Jazz

A

Starts off as an American art form that often mixes unique harmonies and unique rhythmic elements and improvisation.

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2
Q

Creole

A

A racial mix resulting from a union between a French and an African American and sometimes Spanish. Creoles sometimes would own slaves.

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3
Q

New Orleans Influence

A

Also grew up in St. Louis, New York, Chicago, and Kansas City places with riverways and lots of river traffic. New Orleans birthplace of jazz music.

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4
Q

Rhythm

A

Accomplished through varying lengths of notes, combined with space, all in relationship with a steady pulse. (Is a part of music that deals with time) Beat = pulse of the music

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5
Q

Measure

A

Specific # of beats that get repeated over and over. Organizing element of music.

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6
Q

Tempo

A

The speed at which beats occur. Usually, the music has a steady tempo.

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7
Q

Rubato

A

When the music does not have a steady tempo and changes. (To rob and then to give back)

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8
Q

Laying Back

A

The dragging sensation.

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9
Q

Syncopation

A

When the off beats are more prominent than the regular beats. Carry on the wayward son

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10
Q

Polyrhythm

A

create multiple rhythms at the same time.

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11
Q

Swing (Important)

A
  1. Fast notes get rounded out 2. emphasis on 2nd and 4th beats of a measure 3. The bass plays on every single beat (walking bass line)
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12
Q

Melody

A

the result of an organization of notes that move by varying distances by step and leap either ascending or descending to form a musical statement. (The main star and the most easily recognizable part)

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13
Q

Phrase

A

A complete musical idea or statement. (a small recognizable part of a melody that has a beginning and an end like a paragraph in a story)

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14
Q

Key

A

music defined by a central note, scale, or chord that provides a center of musical gravity. (Central pitch around which a piece is based)

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15
Q

Modulate

A

when a song changes key. Going from one key to another key.

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16
Q

Tonality

A

describes the aural character of a piece of music, a melody, or a single harmony.

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17
Q

Atonal

A

A piece of music that lacks a key center.

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18
Q

Blues

A

Melodies are based on alterations of a traditional scale.

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19
Q

Blue Notes

A

notes that sound a little dissonant but make you feel good.

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20
Q

Chromatic Scale

A

all half-steps

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21
Q

Diatonic Scale

A

sounds darker or sad.

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22
Q

Harmony

A

backup singers (subordinate to melody) sometimes can be more important than melody.

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23
Q

Chords

A

collections of notes that are played at the same time.

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24
Q

Chord Progression

A

when chords go from one note to another. Sometimes easily recognizable.

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25
Q

Harmonic Rhythm

A

How fast chords progress from one to another.

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26
Q

Triad

A

three notes built off alternating scale steps.

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27
Q

Seventh Chord

A

where you take a triad and add another note on top of it.

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28
Q

Extension Tones

A

when you take a triad and add a different triad on top of it.

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29
Q

Tonic

A

the home key of the symphony.

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30
Q

Functional Harmony

A

the idea of resolving something.

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31
Q

Texture

A

organization, and range of instrumentation. (The density of the music)

32
Q

Monophonic Important

A

describes a single line unaccompanied melodic texture. One melody nothing else. (Can be a group singing the melody)

33
Q

Homophonic Important

A

when only one melody line is predominant, supported by chord accompaniment. (Harmonies that are clearly subservient and then you have your main melodies)

34
Q

Polyphonic Important

A

music features two or more equally dominant and intertwined melodic lines creating yet another different texture. (Two melodies happening at the same time) JS Bach – Master orchestrated polyphony.

35
Q

Form

A

describes its overall architecture – how many melodies are there? (Architecture of music)

36
Q

Rondo

A

a European classical model also evident in the march and the polka. ABACABA

37
Q

Song Form

A

usually represents ABA or AABA.

38
Q

Bridge

A

Jazz musicians call the B section the bridge or channel.

39
Q

12 Bar Blues Important

A

12 measures long. Only 3 chords or collections of notes that happen.

40
Q

Scat

A

vocal jazz improvisation.

41
Q

Instruments of Jazz

A

Brass - Woodwind - Strings - percussion.

42
Q

Articulation

A

Can change the annunciation like when you speak, how notes happen (accented notes or unaccented notes)

43
Q

Phrasing

A

You can take a melody and phrase it in your own way and shape it differently. (Like the national anthem when people sing, and they sing it their own way)

44
Q

Accents

A

Notes that get a special emphasis. Glenn Miller’s “IN THE MOOD” special emphasis on off beats.

45
Q

Special Effects

A

Using a plunger on a trumpet to make a growl kind of making it a special effect.

46
Q

Understanding Improvosation

A

Spontaneous Composition. Jazz musicians learn how to improvise.

47
Q

Unifying Elements

A

something that gets repeated in an improvised solo.

48
Q

Element of Variety

A

What is different in a solo, a little bit of repetition and variety a mix of both.

49
Q

Scales and Modes

A

Scales are collections of whole steps and half-steps.

50
Q

Quotation

A

a way of connecting people’s ears to your solo, throwing in a quote like a different swing tune to catch the attention of the audience.

51
Q

Jam Session

A

Very informal, A typical session has a rhythm section like a guitar and drummer, and there can be random people showing up who get the chance to play. Usually, a smaller group plays through tunes and improvises.

52
Q

Call and Response

A

The leader does something and everyone else does it back.

53
Q

Unison

A

Together or the same.

54
Q

Break

A

At the end of a phrase the horns stop playing and the drums fill in some things, also when the rhythm section drops completely then comes in after a little bit.

55
Q

Comping

A

This is where the piano or guitar player fills in chords (more than one note played at the same time)

56
Q

Pizzacoto

A

where a string instrument doesn’t use a bow and they use their fingers to pluck the string.

57
Q

Background Figure

A

Underneath the solos there might be some background figures playing.

58
Q

Trading Fours

A

a way of showcasing the drummer without the drummer taking all 12 rhymes and the trade with the piano. Alternating 4 measures trading with the drummer and piano.

59
Q

Phrase

A

musical idea like a sentence

60
Q

Bar

A

Each bar has 4 beats.

61
Q

Shout Chorus

A

happens after the improvised solos have happened, usually louder and is the high point of the music, can be quieter although.

62
Q

Kicks

A

Usually means the drums doing something to set up another instrument.

63
Q

Fermenta

A

You hold the note until the conductor or a leader cuts it off. (Means Hold Me)

64
Q

African Influences

A

The area of Rhythm is heavily influenced by Africa. Most African musical traditions have an emphasis on time and jazz musicians borrowed that.

65
Q

Work Songs

A

Sing songs to pass the time or to try and forget about what you are doing because of your oppression.

66
Q

Religious Songs

A

Hymn tunes (religious songs) Swing low sweet chariot.

67
Q

The Blues (Elvis)

A

has only 3 chords. Generally sad music. Repetitive. Statement Re-Statement Answer Hound dog Elvis Presley.

68
Q

St. Louis Blues

A

Bessie Smith

69
Q

Bessie Smith Nickname

A

The Empress of Jazz

70
Q

Louis Armstrong Nickname

A

The great Satchmo

71
Q

Blues Singer

A

Bessie Smith

72
Q

Ragtime Pre Jazz Music

A

Scott Joplin born in Texarkana Wrote a ragtime opera called Treemonisha. Really well-known piano player (focused his music on syncopated notes) with emphasis on the off beats. RAGGING – The melody is going to become syncopated. Ragtime does not swing.

73
Q

Brass Bands

A

Instruments that are portable.
John Phillips Sousa formed the US Marine Corps band his student also came up with the idea of the sousaphone a tuba that you can walk with, and the bell faces forward.

74
Q

Race records

A

a black-owned company that sold only black-created music.

75
Q

Louis Armstrong

A

played the trumpet and the coronet Father of jazz improvisation (Scat). Very Raspy voice. He would play an instrument and sing play some more then do some scat and then end off playing the instrument.

76
Q

Ravi Shankar

A

Indian classical music Shankar is a Sitar musician. Tabla = drums Tambura = plays a drone one or two notes. Highly improvisational
Ragas – Traditional Indian Music

77
Q

Oratorio (Heavy Classical Music)

A

a drama that is sung by a choir, orchestra, and maybe some soloists.

Jazz Appreciation Exam 1 (4 decks)

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