Exam 4 Flashcards
what is a health disparity?
ex. Covid 19
the diffrence statistically between heath outcomes
what is health inequalities?
discrimination in healthcare
what does LEARN stand for?
- Listen
- Explain
- Acknowledge
- Recommend
- Negotitate
what is does the Listen mean in the acrnym LEARN?
verbal cues
being able to listen not only with your ears but to non verbal cues to indicate the person’s perception of the situation and what is the most important
what is does the Explain mean in the acrnym LEARN?
being able to explain the plan of care with cultural context
what is does the Acknoweldge mean in the acrnym LEARN?
being able to understand analyses differ from the person with whom they are talking
what is does the Recommend mean in the acrnym LEARN?
after seeing and listening to other perspectives then the nurse can recommend solutions and actions to adress mutually idenitfied healthcare needs
what is does the Negotiate mean in the acrnym LEARN?
working towards an agreement to proritize of recognized needs
what is cultural competancy?
having knowledgeable and accepting attitude that enables us to work effectivley with diverse patients
how is culture learned ?
CP, A, ASSIM
- cultural pattern
- acculturation
- assimilation
what are the two ways someone can learn culture?
- generationally
- two step interpersonal process
what is the two step interpersonal process?
the person transitions from adhering to traditional cultural beliefs and values in a country of orgin towards full adoption of the values and beliefs
what is cultural pattern?
traditional way
social customs, cultural beliefs, values, and language passed down generationally
what is acculturation?
Dalanda
a diffrent culture learn and choose to adapt to the behavoir and norms of a new culture
what is assimalation?
white people from the hood
an individual from a diffrent culture fully adopts the behvaoirs, customs amd values as his or her social identity
what are the three theoretical framworks?
SPMOIC. PMOCC, MLTOCNC
- szalays process model of intercultural communitcation
- purnell model of cultural competence
- madeleine leininegers theory of cultural nursing care
what is Szalays process model of intercultural communitcation?
word choice
the meaning attached to words is influenced by each person’s culture, their interpertations of messages is connected to personal history and cultural framework
what is Purnell’s model of cultural competence?
macro to micro view
understanding the patients cultural explanation for the health probelms allows for comprehensive cultural assesment
What is Madeleine Leininegers theory of cultural nursing care?
POV/ culture care
examine culture fromn our patients POV and use interventions congruent with that culture’s norms
what is culture care?
willingness to ber open to alternative thinking that is of benefit and is useful to the patient
what are the 5 social determinants of health?
IS, ES, HI, ES, A
- insurance status
- economic status
- housing instability
- educational status
- attitudes
what cultural determinants of healthcare?
P, R, M
-poverty
- mistrust
- racism
what is primary determinant of childhood development?
poverty
what is the opposite of ethnocentrism?
cultural relativism
what are the characterisitcs of culturally competent nurse?
K, S, A, CH, UOI, TO
- knowledge
- skills
- attitude
- cultural humility
- use of interpreters
- time orientation
what does SBAR stand for?
- situation
- background
- assesment
- recommendation
what is the purpose of SBAR?
standarization of verbal communication tool between nurses and physicians
when is a complete head to toe assesment required?
only upon admissons
how should every bedside assesment be catagorized?
SPECIALIZED TO EACH ADULT, AND FINDINGS MUST BE INTEGRATED INTO YOUR COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE
BASE REGARDING PATIENT
before entering the room what do you have to do?
CI
- confirm idenity
- CGWIPER
if pain medication is adminstered orally what is the repsonse time?
1 hour
if IV medication is adminstered what is the repsonse time?
15 minutes
what are you looking for in general apperance?
O, NS, S, H, PH
- observe
- nutrional status
- speech
- hearing
- personal hygiene
what are you measuring?
V, P
- vitals
- pain
what is being observed neurologically?
facial drop, ptosis, alertness, dysphagia, PERLLA
what is protien essential for?
provide the body calories for energy, build and maintain body tissues, and regulate body processes
what are the three categories of macronutrients?
C, F, P
- Carbohydrates
- fats
- protiens
what are carbohydrates?
- main source of energy and fiber
what are the two main carbohydrates?
fruits, vegtables, grains, milk
plant foods and lactose
how many calories are in one gram of carbohydrates?
4
what is the recommended amount of carbohydrates?
130 g/day for children and adults, but increases to 175 g/day during pregnancy and 210 g/day for lactating women.
what percent do carbohydrates account for?
55 to 60%
what is the main role of protien?
facilitating the growth and repair of body tissues.
what is the simplest form of a protien?
amino acid
what is the recommened protien intake?
0.8 g/kg of body weight, or an average of 56 g/day for adult males, 46 g/day for adult females
what percent should protien take up?
12 to 20%
what is the role of fat?
- normal growth and development
- synthesis and regulation of certain hormones, tissue structure, nerve impulse transmission and protection of vital organs.
what are the two essential fats?
linoleic (omega 6) and alpha-linolenic (omega 3) acids
how many calories is in one gram of fat?
One gram of fat yields 9 calories of energy
what percent should fats account for?
20-30%
what are the two main micronutrients?
V and M
vitamins and minerals
what is the role of micronurtients?
essential for growth, development, and metabolic processes that occur continuously throughout the body.
what percent accounts for the amount of water the body is composed of?
60 to 80%
how much water should the average adult consume?
2.5 to 3L
what ?’s should the nurse ask to illicit questions about nutrtion?
current health status, past health history, family history, personal and psychosocial history, and risk factors.
what is gynoid obesity?
pear shape
what is android obesity?
apple shaped
what are the diffrent abuses that shapes a person’s mental?
- alchol
- drug
- personal
what is the cage / audit tool used for?
to calculate suspision of alcholism
what is SMAST-G used for?
the first short-form alcoholism screening instrument tailored to the needs of older adults.
what does a high score indicate on the cage/ audit test as well as the SMAST- G?
2 or higher
alcoholism
what are commonly abused drugs?
M, C, O, B A, HA
Marijuana.
Cocaine.
Opiates.
Barbiturates.
Amphetamines.
Hallucinogenic agents
what are the signs of human trafficing
UTPA, VD, DO, N, IH, A
o Unable to provide address.
o Vague description of reason for seeking care.
o Dcreased orientation (Unsure of current location, date, or time)
o Nervous or afraid (avoids eye contact).
o Inconsistent history.
o Accompanied by a person who answers for the patient
What are the indications of depression in older adults?
- decreased apetite
- problems concentrating
- unable to report sadness
what are some examples of passive mistreatment?
Food, Medications, Medical treatment, Personal care
Failure to provide goods and services
what are examples of active mistreatment?
Held deliberately for malicious reasons
What is the purpose of a MMSE cognitive assessment?
To test cognitive function
What is the purpose of a mini cog assessment?
Detect early dementia
What is the basic format history of pediatrics?
PH, G/D, BS
- perinatal history
- growth and development
- behavioral status
What should be measured every well baby visit until 2 yrs old?
Head circumference
When should a chest measurement be taken?
Only if abnormal chest size is suspected
