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Anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: The hip bone consists of three fused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

A

True
Each hip bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium and the pubis.

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2
Q

Which of the following landmarks are important bony landmarks of the ilium? Select all that apply.

anterior superior iliac spine

gluteal surface

lesser sciatic notch

greater sciatic notch

inferior ramus

A

anterior superior iliac spine
gluteal surface
greater sciatic notch

The anterior superior iliac spine, the gluteal surface, and the greater sciatic notch are all important bony landmarks of the ilium. The ilium has multiple bony landmarks the majority of which will have the word iliac or ilium in the name. The lesser sciatic notch is a bony landmark of the ischium and the inferior ramus is a bony landmark of the pubis.

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3
Q

T or F: The bodies of the ilium, ischium, and pubis form the acetabulum.

A

True

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4
Q

Which of the following bony landmarks of the femur is best seen in an anterior view?

intertrochanteric line

intertrochanteric crest

gluteal tuberosity

pectineal line

linea aspera

A

intertrochanteric line

The intertrochanteric line is seen in an anterior view of the femur. All of the other landmarks list are seen in a posterior view of the femur.

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5
Q

Which of the following bony landmarks is palpated laterally in the hip region?

anterior superior iliac spine

ischial tuberosity

greater trochanter of the femur

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

The greater trochanter is palpated laterally in the hip region. The anterior superior iliac spine is palpated anteriorly in the pelvic region and the ischial tuberosity is palpated posteriorly (under buttocks).

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6
Q

Which of the following structures articulate to form the anterior part of the sacroiliac joint?

auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

sacral and ischial tuberosities

femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone

A

auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

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7
Q

Which of the following ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramen? Select all that apply.

ischiofemoral

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

Iliofemoral

sacro-iliac

A

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

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8
Q

Which of the following ligaments helps prevent excessive abduction at the hip joint?

ischiofemoral ligament

pubofemoral liagment

iliofemoral ligament

A

ishiofemoral liagment

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9
Q

What are the motions of the hip joint?

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

Internal and external rotation

Circumduction

A

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

Internal and external rotation

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10
Q

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh? Select all that apply.

pectineus

adductor longus

iliopsoas

rectus femoris

gracilis

A

pectineus

iliopsoas

rectus femoris

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11
Q

T or F: The femoral nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment.

True

False

A

True

all of the muscles of the anterior compartment receive their innervation from the femoral nerve.

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12
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the anterior superior iliac spine?

sartorius

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

A

sartorius

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13
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine?

sartorius

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

A

rectus femoris

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14
Q

T or F: All of the muscles of the quadriceps femoris insert on the head of the fibula.

True

False

A

False

the insertion point of the quadriceps femoris is on the base of the patella and the tibial tuberosity (via the patella ligament).

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15
Q

Which of the following muscles will flex the hip joint and extend the knee joint?

sartorius

rectus femoris

pectineus

vastus lateralis

A

rectus femoris

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16
Q

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh? Select all that apply.

gracilis

adductor longus

vastus lateralis

sartorius

obturator externus

A

gracilis

adductor longus

obturator externus

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17
Q

Which of the following muscles receives innervation from both the obturator and tibial nerves?

adductor longus

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

obturator externus

A

adductor magnus

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18
Q

Which of the following muscles has an origin point from the body of the pubis? Select all that apply.

gracilis

adductor longus

adductor brevis

obturator externus

A

gracilis

adductor longus

adductor brevis

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19
Q

Which muscle will produce an action at both the hip and knee joints?

adductor magnus

obturator externus

adductor longus

gracilis

A

gracilis

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20
Q

Which of the following muscles insert on the superior part of the tibia via the pes anserinus? Select all that apply.

adductor magnus

sartorius

obturator externus

gracilis

adductor longus

A

sartorius

gracilis

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21
Q

What structures form the border of the Femoral Triangle

Pubic synthesis, Sartorius and vastus lateralis

Inguinal Ligament, Sartorius & Adductor Longus

Adductor magnus, sartorius, politeal fossa

A

Inguinal Ligament, Sartorius & Adductor Longus

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22
Q

What structures can be found in the femoral triangle going lateral to medial

Femoral nerve, artery and vein

Femoral artery, vein and nerve

Femoral vein, artery and nerve

A

Femoral nerve, artery and vein
(NAVAL)
N- nerve
A-artery
V- vein
AL- referencing Adductor Longus

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23
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

Apex of femoral triangle

Insertion of sartorius

Adductor hiatus

A

Adductor hiatus

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24
Q

What structures run through the adductor tunnel

Femoral artery, vein and nerve

Femoral artery and vein

Obturator artery and femoral artery

A

Femoral artery and vein

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25
Q

What arteries supply the blood to the femoral head and neck?

Obturator artery

Profunda femoris artery

Medial and Lateral circumflex arteries

Profunda circumflex arteries

A

Medial and Lateral circumflex arteries

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26
Q

What supplies the sensation to the anterior thigh?

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

Popliteal nerve

A

Femoral nerve

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

Which of the following structures are considered borders of the femoral triangle? Select all that apply.

adductor magnus

Inguinal ligament

sartorius

adductor longus

A

Inguinal ligament

sartorius

adductor longus

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29
Q

T or F: The femoral nerve, artery, and vein transition from the pelvic region to the anterior compartment of the thigh via the femoral triangle.

A

True

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30
Q

T or F: The adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and nerve to the popliteal fossa.

A

False
This statement is false the adductor canal transmits the femoral artery and VEIN (not nerve) to the popliteal fossa.

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31
Q

T or F: The femoral nerve will supply motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the thigh and the skin over the anterior aspect of the thigh.

A

True

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32
Q

T or F: The femoral artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh and the head of the femur with blood.

A

False. The blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh and femoral head comes from the obturator artery. The femoral artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh and the hip joint.

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33
Q

Which of the following muscles are muscles of the deep layer of the gluteal region? Select all that apply.

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

Obturator internus

Piriformis

Gluteus maximus

superior gemellus

A

Obturator internus

Piriformis

superior gemellus

34
Q

Which of the following muscles have origin points from the posterior (or external) surfaces of the ilium? Select all that apply.

gluteus medius

obturator internus

gluteus minimus

superior gemellus

gluteus maximus

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

gluteus maximus

All of the gluteal muscles (maximus, medius and minimus) have origin points from the posterior/external surface of the ilium; obturator internus has an origin from the pelvic surface of the ilium; and piriformis and superior gemellus originates from the ischium.

35
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the ischium? Select all that apply.

superior gemellus

quadratus femoris

infereior gemellus

TFL

Piriformis

A

superior gemellus

quadratus femoris

infereior gemellus

36
Q

T or F: The obturator internus, and superior and inferior gemelli muscles all insert on the tronchanteric fossa of the femur.

A

True

37
Q

T or F: All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve.

A

False

All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve EXCEPT the short head of the biceps femoris (innervated by the common fibular nerve).

38
Q

T or F: All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh will flex the knee.

A

True

39
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the ischial tuberosity? Select all that apply.

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Short head of the biceps femoris

Long head of the biceps femoris

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Long head of the biceps femoris

40
Q

T or F: The biceps femoris is located medially in the posterior compartment of the thigh and inserts on the tibia.

A

False

the biceps femoris is located laterally in the posterior compartment of the thigh and both heads insert on the lateral surface of the head of the fibula. The semitendinosus and semimebranosus are located medially and insert on the tibia.

41
Q

T or F: Both the superior and inferior gluteal nerves travel through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.

A

False

both of these nerves will travel through the greater sciatic forearm, BUT the superior gluteal nerve travels superior to the piriformis while the inferior gluteal nerve will travel inferior to the muscle.

42
Q

Which two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

The common fibular and tibial nerves.

The tibial nerve and the nerve to obturator internus.

The common fibular nerve and the nerve to quadratus femoris.

A

The common fibular and tibial nerves.

43
Q

The _______nerve innervates the superior gemellus, while the _______nerve innervates the inferior gemellus.

nerve to piriformis; superior gluteal nerve

nerve to obturator internus; nerve to quadratus femoris

nerve to quadratus femoris; nerve to obturator internus

nerve to piriformis; inferior gluteal nerve

A

nerve to obturator internus; nerve to quadratus femoris

44
Q

Injury to the superior gluteal nerve will result in weakness of which of the following hip motions?

lateral rotation

adduction

abduction

extension

A

abduction

45
Q

T or F: The sciatic nerve can become entrapped as it travels through the greater sciatic foreman.

A

True

46
Q

Which of the following nerves supplies the majority of the sensory innervation of the posterior thigh?

superior clunial nerve

inferior clunial nerve

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

47
Q

T or F: The superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply the muscles of the gluteal region.

A

True

48
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

deep femoral artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

A

deep femoral artery

49
Q

Which of the following arteries provide a direct contribution to the formation of the anastomosis that supplies structures of the knee region?

superior gluteal artery

genicular arteries

anterior tibial recurrent

deep femoral artery

descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

A

genicular arteries

anterior tibial recurrent

descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

50
Q

Which of the following bony landmarks of the tibia articulates with the femoral condyles forming the knee joint?

Gerdy’s tubercle

Tibial tuberosity

Tibial condyles

A

Tibial condyles

51
Q

T or F: The two important bony landmarks of the fibula are the fibular head and neck.

A

True

52
Q

T or F: The movements that occur at the knee joint are abduction and adduction.

A

False, only flexion and extension

53
Q

Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding anteriorly on the femur?

anterior cruciate

posterior crucuate

tibial collateral

fibular collateral

A

anterior cruciate

54
Q

Which of the following ligaments can be torn by a direct and forceful blow to the front of the knee?

medial collateral ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

A

posterior cruciate ligament

55
Q

T or F: The medial and lateral menisci are located between the medial and lateral femoral and tibial condyles, respectively.

A

True

56
Q

Which of the following forms a boundary of the popliteal fossa? Select all that apply.

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

lateral head of gastrocnemius

medial head of the gastrocnemius

sartorius

A

biceps femoris

lateral head of gastrocnemius

medial head of the gastrocnemius

57
Q

Which of the following structures are found transitioning between the posterior compartment of the thigh to the leg via the popliteal fossa? Select all that apply.

popliteal artery and its divisions into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

common fibular nerve and its divisions into the deep and superficial fibular nerves

tibial nerve

popliteal vein

A

All selections are correct

58
Q

What ligament is most commonly injured during an ankle sprain?

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Lateral collateral ligament

59
Q

T or F: Pes Planus is caused by weakness of the tibialis posterior muscle.

A

True

Pes Planus- flat feet, caused by weakness of the arch of tibialis posterior muscle.

60
Q

Hallux Valgus is caused by what anatomical changes?

Lateral deviation of the small toe

Medial deviation of the small toe

Lateral deviation of the big toe

Medial deviation of the big toe

A

Lateral deviation of the big toe

*Hallux- think big toe

61
Q

When the femoral artery travels through the adductor tunnel and exits the adductor hiatus it then becomes what artery?

Lower femoral artery

Tibial artery

Popliteal artery

Posterior tibial artery

A

Popliteal artery

*femoral artery —>down through adductor tunnel–> exits the adductor hiatus—> once exits it becomes the popliteal artery

62
Q

What movements are required in your hip to don your sock (crossing your leg)?

Flexion, abduction and external rotation

Flexion, abduction and internal rotation

Flexion, adduction and external rotation

Extension and external rotation

A

Flexion, abduction and external rotation since the thigh will be facing out**

63
Q

What artery do you take a pulse to assess the blood supply to the foot and ankle?

Femoral artery

Anterior tibial artery

Dorasalis Pedis

Posterior tibial artery

A

Dorasalis Pedis

Best palpated when in dorsi flexion

64
Q

How do you locate the dorsalis pedis artery to take a pulse?

Lateral to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

Medial to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

A

Lateral to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

65
Q

Which muscle(s) is responsible for hip extension?

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

All the above

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius + Gluteus minimus only do hip abduction

66
Q

The adductor magnus is innervated by what nerve?

obturator nerve

tibial nerve

All of the above

None of the above

A

All of the above- dual innervation

67
Q

What ligament is most commonly injured during ankle sprain?

lateral collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament

A

lateral collateral ligament

68
Q

pes planus (flat feet) is caused by weakness of the tibialis posterior muscle

true
false

A

true

69
Q

what structures form the border of the femoral triangle?

pubic synthesis, sartorius and vastus lateralis

inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus

adductor magnus, sartorius, politeal fossa

A

inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus

70
Q

hallux valgus is caused by what anatomical changes

lateral deviation of the small toe

medial deviation of the small toe

lateral deviation of the big toe

A

lateral deviation of the big toe

71
Q

When the femoral artery travels through the adductor tunnel and exits the adductor hiatus it then becomes what artery?

popliteal artery
tibial artery
lower femoral artery
posterior tibial artery

A

popliteal artery

72
Q

What movements are required in your hip to don your sock (crossing your leg)

flexion, abduction and external rotation

flexion, abduction and internal rotation

flexion, adduction and external rotation

A

flexion, abduction and external rotation

73
Q

What artery do you take a pulse to assess the blood supply to the foot and ankle?

femoral artery
anterior tibial artery
dorasalis pedis
posterior tibial artery

A

dorsalis pedis

74
Q

How do you locate the dorsalis pedis artery to take a pulse?

lateral to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

medial to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

A

lateral to the extensor hallicus longus and inferior to the ankle joint

75
Q

Which muscle is responsible for hip extension?

gluteus maximus
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius

A

gluteus maximus

76
Q

The adductor magnus is innervated by what nerve

obturator nerve
tibial nerve
both
none

A

both

77
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

apex of the femoral triangle
insertion of sartorius
adductor hiatus

A

adductor hiatus

78
Q

what structures run through the adductor tunnel

femoral artery, vein nerve
femoral artery and vein
obturator artery and femoral artery

A

femoral artery and vein

79
Q

What arteries supply the blood to the femoral head and neck?

obturator artery
profunda femoris artery
medial and lateral circumflex arteries
profunda circumflex arteries

A

medial and lateral circumflex arteries

80
Q

Which of the following landmarks is located on the distal end of the tibia?

medial condyle

medial malleolus

tibial tuberosity

lateral malleolus

A

medial malleolus

81
Q

Which of the following tarsal bones are considered bones of the hind foot? Select all that apply.

calcaneus

navicular

cuboid

cuneiforms

talus

A

calcaneus
talus

82
Q
A

Anatomy (3 decks)

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