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Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which tendons are easily palpated as they cross the anterior aspect of the wrist? Select all that apply.

a. flexor carpi radialis

b. flexor digitorum profundus

c. palmaris Longus

d. pronator teres

e. flexor carpi ulnaris

A

a. flexor carpi radialis

c. palmaris Longus

e. flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

The thickening of the antebrachial fascia across the anterior aspect of the wrist forms the flexor retinaculum.

True

False

A

True

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3
Q

Which muscles are contained in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm? Select all that apply.

a. flexor digitorum profundus

b. pronator quadratus

c. pronator teres

d.palmaris longus

e. flexor digitorum superficialis

A

palmaris longus
pronator teres

The muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment include the (from lateral to medial at their points of origin): pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris.

Pronator quadratus and FDP are contained in the deep layer, and FDS is contained in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

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4
Q

Which of the following is considered a function of the hand? Select all that apply.

A.grasp and manipulation of objects

B.expression through gestures

C.sexual functions

D.orienting objects in space

A

A, B, C

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5
Q

Which of the following muscles originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus? Select all that apply.

A. flexor carpi radialis

B. flexor carpi ulnaris

C.flexor digitorum profundus

D.flexor pollicis longus

E.palmaris longus

A

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

palmaris longus

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6
Q

Which of the following muscles will insert onto a metacarpal bone? Select all that apply.

A. flexor carpi radialis
B. flexor digitorum superficialis
C. pronator quadratus
D. flexor carpi ulnaris
E. pronator teres

A

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

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7
Q

Which of the following muscles will flex the digits of the hand?

pronator teres

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorium superficialis

flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexor digitorium superficialis

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8
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

Which of the following structures forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

imaginary line between the epicondyles

brachioradialis

pronator teres

A

Brachioradialis

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10
Q

What structures travel through the cubital fossa? Select all that apply.

A. terminal end of the brachial artery

B.ulnar nerve

C. median nerve

D. proximal parts of the ulna and radial arteries

E. biceps tendon

A

A. Terminal end of the brachial artery
C. Median nerve
D. Proximal parts of the ulna and radial arteries
E. Biceps tendon

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11
Q

Which of the following structures forms the medial boundary of the cubital tunnel?

A.cubital retinaculum

B.medial epicondyle

C. olecranon

A

B. Medial epicondyle

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12
Q

The median nerve travels through the cubital tunnel.

True

False

A

False

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13
Q

The median nerve travels between which two muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A.pronator teres and flexor pollicis longus

B.flexor digitorium superficialis and profundus

C.flexor digitorium profundus and flexor pollicis longus

A

B. Flexor digitorium superficialis and profundus

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14
Q

The median nerve gives off a deep branch called the anterior interosseous nerve.

True

False

A

True

The median nerve gives off a deep branch called the anterior interosseous nerve which descends on the interosseous membrane (between FDP and FPL)

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15
Q

The ulnar nerve will provide motor innervation to the majority of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

True

False

A

False

The ulnar nerve provides only motor innervation to one and 1/2 muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorium profundus). The median nerve (along with its deep branch) supplies the majority of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

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16
Q

Which of the following nerves supply the skin of the anterior aspect of the forearm? Select all that apply.

A. medial antebrachial cutaneous

B. ulnar

C. median

D. lateral antebrachial cutaneous

A

A. Medial antebrachial cutaneous
D. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous

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17
Q

The common interosseous artery is a branch of the radial artery.

True

False

A

False

The common interosseous artery is a branch of the ulnar artery. It gives rise to the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

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18
Q

The cubital anastomosis is formed by the branches of the brachial, ulnar and radial arteries.

True

False

A

True

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19
Q

Which of the following arteries contributes to the formation of the cubital anastomosis? Select all that apply.

A. ulnar collaterals (superior and inferior)

B. radial and middle collaterals

C. recurrent interosseous

D. anterior intereosseous

E.radial recurrent

A

A. ulnar collaterals (superior and inferior)

B.radial and middle collaterals

C. recurrent interosseous

E. radial recurrent

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20
Q

The movements that are possible at the radiocarpal joint include: flexion/extension; radial and ulnar deviation; and circumduction.

True

False

A

True

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21
Q

Which of the following movements is possible at the carpometacarpal (CM) joint of the thumb? Select all that apply.

A. radial and ulnar deviation

B. opposition and reposition

C. flexion and extension

D. abduction and adduction

E. internal and external rotation

A

B, C, D

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22
Q

Which of the following ligaments provides support to the distal radioulnar joint?

A. palmar radio-ulnar ligaments

B. radial collateral ligament

C. dorsal radiocarpal ligaments

A

A. palmar radio-ulnar ligaments

The palmar and dorsal radio-ulnar ligaments provide support to the distal radioulnar joint.

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23
Q

Which of the following ligaments prevents excessive radial deviation?

A. radial collateral ligament
close

B. ulnar collateral ligament
check

C. palmar radiocarpal ligament

A

ulnar collateral ligament

The ulnar collateral ligament (located on the medial aspect of the wrist) prevents excessive radial deviation.

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24
Q

Which of the following ligaments will prevent excessive wrist extension? Select all that apply.

A. ulnar collateral

B. dorsal radiocarpal

C. palmar radiocarpal

D.dorsal ulnocarpal

E.palmar ulnocarpal

A

C. palmar radiocarpal

D.dorsal ulnocarpal

E. palmar ulnocarpal

Explanation

The palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments will prevent excessive wrist extension

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25
Q

Which tendons form the anterior border of the anatomical snuff box? Select all that apply.

A. abductor pollicis longus

B. extensor pollicis longus

C. extensor pollicis brevis
check

D. extensor Digitorium

E. Extensor Indicis

A

A and c

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26
Q

Which of the following muscles has an origin point from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus? Select all that apply.

A. extensor carpi radialis longus

B.extensor carpi radialis brevis

C.extensor digiti minimi

D.abductor pollicis longus

E. extensor digitorium

A

B. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
C. Extensor digiti minimi
E. Extensor digitorium

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27
Q

Which of the following muscles will extend and radial deviate the wrist joint?

supinator

brachioradialis

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

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28
Q

Which of the following muscles inserts into the extensor expansion of the 2nd digit (index finger)?

A. extensor indicis

B.extensor digitorium

C.extensor digiti minimi

D. extensor pollicis longus

A

A. Extensor indicis

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29
Q

Which of the following muscles is a muscle of the deep layer of the forearm? Select all that apply.

A. extensor carpi radialis longus

B. abductor pollicis longus

C. extensor pollicis brevis

D. extensor pollicis longus

E. extensor carpi ulnaris

A

B. abductor pollicis longus

C. extensor pollicis brevis

D. extensor pollicis longus

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30
Q

Which of the following muscles inserts onto the base of the first metacarpal bone?

A. abductor pollicis longus

B. extensor pollicis longus

C. extensor pollicis brevis

A

A. Abductor pollicis longus

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31
Q

Which of the following tendons is contained in the 3rd dorsal compartment?

A. extensor pollicis brevis

B. extensor digiti minimi

C. extensor pollicis longus

A

C. Extensor pollicis longus

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32
Q

Which compartment contains the tendons of extensor digitorium and extensor indicis?

2nd

4th

6th

A

4th

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33
Q

Which of the following is considered a function of the hand? Select all that apply.

A. grasp and manipulation of objects

B.expression through gestures

C.sexual functions

D.orienting objects in space

A

A B C

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34
Q

The ability of the hand to conform to the characteristics of object surfaces is called accommodation.

True

False

A

True

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35
Q

Drinking from a water bottle requires use of a precision grasp while holding a pen to write requires use of a power grasp.

True

False

A

False

Explanation

This statement is false: holding a water bottle to drink from it typically requires the use of a power grasp (aka cylindrical grasp) while holding a pen to write requires the use of a precision grasp.

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36
Q

The CM joint of the thumb is formed by the articulation of the base of the1st metacarpal bone with the __________.

A. lunate

B.pisiform

C.trapezoid

D. trapezium

A

D. trapezium

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37
Q

The CM joint of the thumb is a saddle joint that allows for three degrees of freedom: flexion/extension; abduction/adduction; and opposition/reposition.

True

False

A

True

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38
Q

Which of the following joints is formed by the articulation of the the head of the metacarpal bones with the bases of the proximal phalanges.

A. Metacarpophalangeal joints

B.Interphalangeal joints

C. Carpometacarpal joints

A

A. Metacarpophalangeal joints

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39
Q

Which ligament becomes tight when the MP joints are in flexion limiting abduction of the joints.

A.palmar ligaments

B.collateral ligaments

C.transverse metacarpal ligaments

A

B. collateral ligaments

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40
Q

Which of the following structures forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A.transverse carpal ligament

B.extensor retinaculum

C.the palmar carpal ligament

D.palmar aponeurosis

A

A. transverse carpal ligament

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41
Q

What tendinous landmark forms the posterior border of the anatomical snuff box?

A.abductor pollicis longus

B.extensor pollicis longus

C.extensor pollicis brevis

D.extensor indicis

A

B. Extensor pollicis longus

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42
Q

What nerve travels through the cubital tunnel when it transitions from the arm to the forearm?

A

Ulnar nerve

43
Q

The brachioradialis muscle crosses the wrist to act on the hand.
True
false

A

false

44
Q

The CMC joint of the thumb is a saddle type of synovial joint that is formed by the scaphoid and first metacarpal bone

True
False

A

False

CMC joint is formed by the trapezium and first metacarpal

45
Q

The tendons of the FPL, FDS, and FDP are contained in flexor tendon sheaths that consist of both a synovial layer and fibrous layer.

True

False

A

true

46
Q

An infection in the tendon sheath of the thumb often presents with redness and swelling at the wrist because of the continuity of the ulnar bursa.

True

False

A

False

47
Q

This function of the fibrous layer of the flexor tendon sheaths is to prevent bowstringing of the tendons as they cross multiple joints.

True

False

A

True

the arrangement of cruciate and anular ligaments of the fibrous sheath form a series of pulleys that hold the flexor tendons close to the bone; they prevent bowstringing of the tendons and facilitate appropriate movement of the tendons across the multiple joints.

48
Q

Which of the following structures of the extensor expansion is important for producing PIP extension?

A.central band

B.lateral band

C.terminal tendon

A

A. central band

49
Q

Which of the following structures of the extensor expansion is important for producing DIP extension?

A.central band

B.lateral band

C.terminal tendon

A

C. terminal tendon

50
Q

Where does intersection syndrome occur?
a. Cubital fossa

b.Between the FDS and FDP

c. Between the 1st and 2nd Extensor Compartment

d. At the floor of the anatomical snuff box

A

C. between the 1st and 2nd extensor compartment

51
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis?

a. Flexes the elbow with the forearm in any position

b.Flexes the elbow with the forearm in pronation and radially deviates the wrist

c. Flexes the elbow with the forearm in neutral and radially deviates the wrist

d.Flexes the elbow with the forearm in neutral

A

d. Flexes the elbow with the forearm in neutral

52
Q

All of the muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm
are innervated by the Median nerve EXCEPT:

A Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
B Flexor Carpi Radialis
C Pronator Teres
D Palmaris Longus

A

A Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

53
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radials joint on the wrist joint?
A Abduction
B Extension
C Flexion
D Adduction

A

A. Abduction and C. Flexion

54
Q

What is the insertion of the Pronator Quadratus?
A.Midway along the lateral surface of the
radius
B. Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the
ulna
C. Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the
radius
D. Base f 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

A

c. Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the
radius

55
Q
  1. The Ulnar nerve innervates the ___.

A. Medial part of the Flexor Digitorum
Profundus
B. Lateral part of the Flexor Digitorum
Profundus
C. Flexor Pollicis Longus
D. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

A. Medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus

56
Q

Select All that Apply: Which of the following muscles are in the superficial layer of the
anterior compartment of the forearm?

A Pronator Quadratus
B Pronator Teres
C Flexor Digitorum Profundus
D Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

B Pronator Teres
D Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

57
Q

True or False: The radial artery runs through the radial tunnel
a. false
b. true

A

False

58
Q

Which of the following are branches of the radial artery?
A Recurent interosseous
B Posterior interosseous
C Ulnar recurrent arteries
D Carpal branches

A

d

59
Q

Your client presents with pain in their forearm and a weak grip. They let you know they
are a carpenter. What do you suspect they have?

A Intersection Syndrome
B De Quarvain’s Syndrome
C Radial Tunnel Syndrome
D Lateral Epicondylitis

A

d

60
Q

Select all that apply: Which of the following are movements of the radioulnar joints?
A Supination
B Flexion
C Pronation
D Extension

A

c, a

61
Q

All of the following are key landmarks of the radius EXCEPT
A Olecranon
B Ulnar notch
C Neck
D Radial tuberosity

A

a

62
Q

Which of the following is a carpal bone of the proximal row?
A Capitate
B Hamate
C Scaphoid
D Trapezium

A

c

63
Q

True or False: The anular ligament encircles the head of the ulna
A True
B False

A

b false

64
Q

Which of the following presents with a lateral lump, pain, and tenderness in their
forearm following a pull of the UE with a pronated forearm.
A Subluxation of the radial head
B Golfer’s elbow
C Colles fracture
D Dislocation of the radial head

A

d. dislocation of radial head

65
Q

Which of the following is the posterior border of the anatomical snuff box?
A Extensor digiti minimi
B Abductor pollicis longus
C Extensor pollicis brevis
D Extensor pollicis longus

A

d

66
Q

inflammation of which of the following ligaments causes carpal tunnel?
A Palmar radioulnar ligaments
B Transverse carpal ligament
C Palmar radiocarpal ligaments
D Ulnar collateral ligaments

A

b

67
Q

The brachioradialis muscle is innervated by which nerve?
A Ulnar nerve
B Posterior interosseous nerve
C Deep branch of the radial nerve
D Radial nerve proper

A

d

68
Q

select all that apply: Which of the following muscles are innervated by the PIN?
A Extensor pollicis longus
B Abductor pollicis longus
C Supinator
D Extensor pollicis brevis

A

a, b, d

69
Q

True or False: The cubital fossa has borders that represent a ‘cube’ shape.
A False B True

A

a. false

70
Q

Select the blood supply relating to the cubital tunnel.
A brachial artery
B accompanying veins
C ulnar artery
D radial artery

A

all of the above

71
Q

Name the correct origin(s) of the ECU:
A posterior border of ulna
B lateral epicondyle
C anterior border of ulna
D medial epicondyle

A

b,a

72
Q

Your patient is complaining of tingling/numbness in their pinky and half of their ring
finger but say it also radiates up their forearm. They ask if it is because their wedding
band is ‘too tight’. What do you suspect they have?

A Saturday night palsy
B Cubital tunnel syndrome
C An injury to the wrist causing the
tingling
D Occlusion of the veins in their ring
finger

A

b cubital tunnel syndrome

73
Q

What muscle(s) are in the 5th dorsal compartment

A

extensor digiti minimi

74
Q

Where does the Extensor Pollicis Longus insert?

A

distal phalanx of thumb (dorsal)

75
Q

Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of the thenar muscle? Select all that apply.

a. Opponens pollicis

b. Opponens digiti minimi

c.Lumbricals

d.Flexor pollicis brevis

e. Adductor pollicis brevis

A

A, D, E

76
Q

Which of the following muscles originates from the both the trapezium & scaphoid?

a. Opponens pollicis

b. Abductor pollicis brevis

d. Flexor pollicis brevis

e. Adductor pollicis

A

b abductor pollicis brevis

77
Q

Which of the following muscles forms part of the lateral boundary of the radial tunnel? Select all that apply.

a. brachioradialis
b. biceps
c. extensor carpi radialis longus
d. supinator
e. extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

A, C, E

78
Q

The radial nerve will divide into a superficial and deep branch at the level of the cubital fossa.

True
False

A

true

79
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve supplies which of the following muscles? Select all that apply.

a. brachioradialis
b. supinator muscle
c.extensor carpi radialis longus
d. extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

b, d

80
Q

The brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis longus are supplied by the_________ and extensor carpi ulnaris is supplied by the ______

A

radial nerve, PIN

81
Q

Which of the following muscles is supplied by the PIN? Select all that apply.

a. extensor pollicis longus
b. extensor digitorium
c. extensor digiti minimi
d. extensor indicis
e. abductor pollicis longus
f. all of the above

A

f. all of the above

82
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve.

True

False

A

false

The superficial branch of the radial nerve is a purely cutaneous nerve which supplies the skin over the dorsolateral aspect of the hand.

83
Q

Which of the following nerves supplies the skin of the posterolateral aspects of the forearm?

a.medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

b.lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

c.posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

b.

84
Q

artery? Select all that apply.

a. brachioradialis
b. extensor carpi radialis longus
c. extensor digiti minimi
d.extensor pollicis longus
e. extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

b. extensor carpi radialis longus
a. brachioradialis
e. extensor carpi radialis brevis

(All of the rest of the muscles of the posterior compartment will receive their blood supply from the posterior interosseous artery)

85
Q

Which of the following flexor-pronator muscles is contained in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

86
Q

Which branch of the median nerve arises prior to the median nerve entering the carpal tunnel?

Recurrent branch

Digital branches

Palmar cutaneous branch

A

palmar cutaneous branch

87
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the recurrent branch of the median nerve? Select all that apply.

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Dorsal Interossei

Adductor pollicis

1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

88
Q

Upon passing through the ulnar canal, the ulnar nerve divides into a superficial motor branch and a deep sensory branch.

True

False

A

false

89
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve? Select all that apply.

Opponens digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi

Dorsal Interossei

3rd and 4th lumbricals

Adductor pollicis

A

All of the above

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (including all of the ones listed above) with the exception of the opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis; superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis (all innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve) and the first two lumbricals (innervated by the digital motor branches of the median nerve).

90
Q

Your patient had an injury to the ulnar nerve. Where do you anticipate your patient will have sensory loss?

central palm and the majority of the thenar eminence

palmar and dorsal surfaces of the 4th and 5th digits

lateral 2/3rds of the dorsum of the hand

A

palmar and dorsal surfaces of the 4th and 5th digits

91
Q

An injury to the radial nerve above the level of the elbow can result in the clinical finding of wrist drop.
true
false

A

true

92
Q

The Flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by both the median and ulnar nerves.
true false

A

false

The FDS is innervated by the median nerve. It is the FDP that is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.

93
Q

Which muscles contribute to the extensor expansion of the digits?
Lumbricals
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei
All of the above

A

All of the above

94
Q

Which of the following nerves supply the cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the forearm?

Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
All of the above

A

all of the above

Posterior antebrachial cutaneous: midline of the posterior aspect of the forearm.

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous: lateral aspect of the posterior forearm.

Medial antebrachial cutaneous: medial aspect of the posterior forearm.

95
Q

Medial epicondylitis “golfers elbow” is caused by
repetitive use of

flexor pronators
extensor pronators
flexor supinators

A

flexor pronators

symptoms: tenderness over medial epicondyle, pain on medial side, numbness and tingling in 4th/5th digit

96
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the entrapment of the ___ nerve.

A

ulnar

97
Q

lateral epicondylitis “tennis elbow” is caused by repetitive use of ___

wrist flexors
wrist extensors

A

wrist extensors

tenderness over later epicondyle and pain on lateral side

98
Q

Dorsal interossei ___ and palmar interossei ____

a. abduct; adduct
b. adduct; abduct

A

A

99
Q

intersection syndrome results from inflammation at crossing point of __ and ___ dorsal compartments caused by repetive extension and abduction of the thumb

a. 3rd and 4th
b. 1st and 2nd
c. 4th and 5th

A

b. 1st and 2nd

100
Q

The anatomical snuff box transmits the

a. radial nerve
b. radial artery
c. ulnar artery

A

b. radial artery

101
Q

guyons canal transmits the ____ nerve and ____ artery

a. radial and ulnar
b. ulnar and radial
c. ulnar and ulnar

A

c. ulnar and ulnar

102
Q

The carpal tunnel transmits the median nerve and which three tendons

a. FDS, FDP, FPL
b. FDS, FDP, FPB
c. FDS, FPB, FCU

A

A. FDS, FDP, FPL

103
Q
A

Anatomy (3 decks)

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