Exam 4

Question 1

Clinical psychology

Answer 1

the study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties.

Question 2

Illusory correlations

Answer 2

If we expect two things to be associated
-Rorschach Inkblot tests
-no right answer

Question 3

Hindsight and overconfidence

Answer 3

Clinicians make diagnoses and then search for behavior that confirms and explains the diagnosis
-suicide

Question 4

Clinical intuition versus statistical prediction

Answer 4

Statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition, numbers are better than intuition. (such as using past grades and aptitude scores to predict success in graduate or professional school).

Question 5

Mechanisms

Answer 5

Things that cause your problems
-not getting enough sleep and being especially sensitive to anxiety

Question 6

Depression

Answer 6

A mood disorder that involves persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities

Question 7

Depressive realism

Answer 7

the tendency of mildly depressed
people to make ACCURATE PERCEPTION of reality than those with healthy minds

Question 8

Explanatory style

Answer 8

one’s habitual way of explaining
life’s events

Question 9

Global causes

Answer 9

“It’s going to affect everything I do”

Question 10

Stable Causes

Answer 10

“It’s going to last forever”

Question 11

Internal Causes

Answer 11

“It’s all my fault”

Question 12

Is negative thinking a cause or a result of
depression?

Answer 12

-Depressed moods cause negative thinking.
-Negative thinking causes depressed moods.

Question 13

Loneliness

Answer 13

a painful awareness that our social
relationships are less numerous or less
meaningful than we desire.

Question 14

Shyness

Answer 14

social anxiety marked by self-
consciousness and worry about what others
think.

Question 15

Self-presentation theory

Answer 15

a theory positing that we are eager to present ourselves in ways that make a good impression
-we feel social anxiety when we are motivated to impress others but have self-doubts

Question 16

Social skills training

Answer 16

Observing and practicing new behaviors in safe situations, one may develop the confidence to behave more effectively in other situations.
-The counselor asks the
person to rehearse by talking in front of a
mirror a day before the class discussion.

Question 17

Explanatory style therapy

Answer 17

used to help people reverse their negative beliefs about themselves and their future.
-Example: teaching college students experiencing depression to change their typical attributions

Question 18

Misinformation effect

Answer 18

incorporating “misinformation” into
one’s memory of the event after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it
-Witnesses may believe a red light was actually green or a robber had a mustache when he didn’t

Question 19

After improvement is achieved?

Answer 19

it endures best if people attribute it to factors under their own control.

Question 20

Origins

Answer 20

Genetic problems
-anxiety runs in family

Question 21

Precipitants

Answer 21

recents changes that may have triggered these problems
-Became depressed in middle school, worried it might get worse in high school