Exam 3

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

a preconceived NEGATIVE JUDGEMENT of a group and its individual members
-attitude

Question 2

Stereotypes

Answer 2

Beliefs about the PERSONAL ATRRIBUTES of a group of people

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

unjustified NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR toward a group or its member

Question 4

Explicit Discrimination

Answer 4

(CONSCIOUS) attitudes toward the same target.
-Employment discrimination.

Question 5

Implicit Discrimination

Answer 5

(AUTOMATIC) attitudes toward the same
target.

Question 6

Realistic group conflict theory

Answer 6

the theory that prejudice arises from COMPETETION between groups for SCARCE RESCOURCES
-pandemic and toilet paper

Question 7

Social Identity Theory

Answer 7

We instantly tend to like those from OUR OWN group, those who look like us, even those who sound like us

Question 8

Group-serving bias

Answer 8

explaining away outgroup members’ positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one’s own group)
-“yay A+ … am so smart”
-“F grade… she doesn’t like me”

Question 9

“Displaced aggression” or Scapegoating

Answer 9

when the cause is INDIMITADING or UNKNOWN, we often redirect hostility
-economic frustration and immigrants

Question 10

distinctiveness

Answer 10

when a behavior or action by an individual is judged by another to be COMMON or UNUSAUL

Question 11

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 11

cognitive attribution bias where observers underemphasize situational and environmental factors for the behavior of an actor while overemphasizing dispositional or personality factors
-“sorry I’m late, there was traffic”
“You are flawed as a person”

Question 12

just-world phenomenon

Answer 12

the tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserves what they get

Question 13

stereotype threat

Answer 13

a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotypes
-football players don’t do well in a classroom, they might perform badly.

Question 14

Aggression

Answer 14

Physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm

Question 15

Physical aggression

Answer 15

hurting someone else’s body

Question 16

Social aggression

Answer 16

hurting someone else’s feelings or threating their relationship’s
-cyber bullying, some in person bullying

Question 17

Hostile Aggression

Answer 17

aggression that springs from anger, its goal is to injure

Question 18

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 18

aggression that is a means to some other end
-terrism
-boxing, the means to win

Question 19

Biochemical influences on aggression

Answer 19

-Alcohol
-Human aggressiveness correlates with the male sex hormone testosterone.
-Poor diet—specifically sweetened drinks, high levels of trans fats, and low levels of omega-3 fatty acids

Question 20

Instinctive behavior

Answer 20

an innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a pieces

Question 21

Frustration

Answer 21

The blocking of goal-directed
behavior—that is, anything that blocks us from attaining a goal.

Question 22

Frustration-aggression theory

Answer 22

the theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress.
* Frustration breeds aggression.

Question 23

Displacement

Answer 23

the redirection of aggression
to a target other than the source of the frustration.
-being aggressive to someone because your mad at yourself

Question 24

Relative deprivation

Answer 24

the perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself.
-Comparing the size of your house to the size of a millionaire’s house

Question 25

social learning theory of
aggression

Answer 25

that we learn aggression not only by experiencing its payoffs but also by observing others.
-inherited road rage from observing dad

Question 26

ostracism

Answer 26

acts of excluding or ignoring

Question 27

proximity

Answer 27

geographical nearness; functional distance

Question 28

Mere exposure

Answer 28

he tendency for novel stimuli to
be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them.

Question 29

Matching phenomenon

Answer 29

the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a “good match” in attractiveness and other traits

Question 30

Physical-attractiveness stereotype

Answer 30

the presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well.

Question 31

Passionate love

Answer 31

a state of intense longing for
union with another; being “in love.”

Question 32

Two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 32

arousal × its label = emotion

Question 33

Companionate love

Answer 33

the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined.
Intimacy + commitment

Question 34

Secure attachment

Answer 34

rooted in trust and marked by
intimacy.

Question 35

Avoidant attachment

Answer 35

marked by discomfort over, or resistant to, being close to others; an insecure
attachment style

Question 36

Anxious attachment

Answer 36

marked by anxiety or
ambivalence; an insecure attachment style

Question 37

Altruism

Answer 37

a motive to increase another’s welfare
without conscious regard for one’s own self-
interests.

Question 38

Social-exchange theory

Answer 38

the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs

Question 39

Reciprocity norm

Answer 39

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Question 40

Social-responsibility norm:

Answer 40

an expectation that people will help
those needing help.

Question 41

Bystander effect

Answer 41

the finding that a person is
less likely to provide help when there are
other bystanders.