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Biochemistry > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?
Lactic fermentation
Oxidative decarboxylation of malate by malic enzyme in cytoplasm.
Pentose phosphate pathway.
Oxidative phosphrylation.
Citric acid cycle.

A

Oxidative decarboxylation of malate malic enzyme in cytoplasm.
Pentose phosphate pathway.

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2
Q

What is the common precursor for biosynthesis of Valine, Leucine, and Alanine.

A

Pyruvate

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3
Q

Predict which product of phosphoglucomutase reaction predominates when insulin levels are high.

A

Glucose-1-phosphate

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4
Q

At what stage of protein synthesis an aminoacyl-tRNA binds to AUG of the A-site of a ribosome?

A

Elongation

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5
Q

Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides. What is the product of ribonucleotide reductase reaction?

A

dADP

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6
Q

In order for RNA polymerase II to create a transcript, what is necessary? Mark ALL the correct statements.
NTPs.
Primers.
DNA template.
Magnesium.
dNTPs.

A

DNA template.
Magnesium.
NTPs.

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7
Q

Mark all the molecules that are amino acid precursors.
alpha-ketoglutarate.
3-phosphoglycerate.
ribose-5-phosphate.
glucose-6-phosphate.
succinate.
oxaloacetate.
UDP-glucose.
pyruvate.
erythrose 4-phosphate.
phosphoenolpyruvate.

A

alpha-ketoglutarate.
3-phosphoglycerate.
ribose-5-phosphate.
oxaloacetate.
pyruvate.
erythrose 4-phosphate.
phosphoenolpyruvate.

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8
Q

mRNA is translated in the ____ direction, new proteins are synthesized in ____ direction.

A

5’ –> 3’; N –> C

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9
Q

The amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule at ____.

A

CCA 3’

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10
Q

Deoxyribonucleotides are ____.

A

Made by the reduction of the ribose component of ribonucleotide phosphates.

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11
Q

What is the main regulator for the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Concentration of NADP+

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12
Q

The committed step of fatty acid synthesis is formation ____.

A

malonyl CoA

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13
Q

Mark common precursors for both de novo purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis.
PRPP.
aspartate.
glycine.
formate.
orotate.

A

PRPP.
aspartate

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14
Q

Acetyl groups to be used for fatty acid biosynthesis are transferred across the mitochondrial membrane in what form?

A

citrate

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15
Q

Which metabolic pathway is NOT a source of carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis?

A

beta-oxidation

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16
Q

The 5’-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs is a(n):

A

7-methylguanosine joined to the mRNA via a 5’-5’ triphosphate linkage

17
Q

Which type of bacterial RNA does not require any modification?

A

messenger RNA

18
Q

True or false: Eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic

A

True

19
Q

Mark all the true statements about mRNA splicing:
One mRNA can sometimes code for more than one protein by splicing at alternative site.
Splicing of mRNA does not involve any proteins.
Splicing occurs while the mRNA is still in the nucleus.
Splicing occurs while the mRNA is attached to the nucleosome.
In splicing, intrones sequences are removed from the mRNA and degraded

A

One mRNA can sometimes code for more than one protein by splicing at alternative site.
Splicing occurs while the mRNA is still in the nucleus.
In splicing, intrones sequences are removed from the mRNA and degraded

20
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases:

A

Recognize specific tRNA molecules and specific amino acids

21
Q

The wobble base of tRNA is ____

A

The 5’ base of anti-codon

22
Q

ATP is called the energy currency. The currency of biosynthetic reducing power is ____.

A

NADPH

23
Q

Identify the enzymes that are required for the synthesis of a glycogen particle starting from glucose 6-phosphate
Glycogen phosphorylase.
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Glycogen synthase kinase.
Glycogen synthase.
Branching enzyme.

A

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Glycogen synthase.
Branching enzyme

24
Q

Enhancer sites are often located

A

At a distance from the transcription start site

25
Q

In which direction does RNA polymerase read DNA strand?

A

3’ –> 5’ on the template strand

26
Q

Signals that define the beginning and end of protein synthesis are contained in

A

mRNA

27
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

28
Q

RNA synthesis (tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA) is called ____

A

Transcription

29
Q

What kind of organisms convert molecular nitrogen into NH4+ through nitrogen fixation?

A

Bacteria

30
Q

Identify the 5 enzymes that take part in the process of DNA replication:
Topoisomerase.
Helicase.
Aminotransferase.
ATP synthase.
Pyruvate kinase.
Histone acetyltransferase.
Ligase.
Primase.
Enteropeptidase.
DNA polymerase.

A

Helicase
Topoisomerase
Primase
DNA polymerase
Ligase

31
Q

After 6 rounds of fatty acid synthase activity, what size is the fatty acyl intermediate?

A

14 carbons long

32
Q

During replication, Okazaki fragments elongate ____.

A

Lagging strand away from the replication fork

33
Q

Glycogen synthesis is primarily regulated by modulating the activity of ____.

A

Glycogen synthase

34
Q

Which statement is true regarding the introns?
Introns are neither transcribed, spliced, nor translated.
Introns are transcribed and spliced but translated separately from the exons.
Introns are transcribed, spliced, translated, and removed after translation.
Introns are transcribed and spliced out before translation.
Introns are transcribed, spliced, and translated with the exons.

A

Introns are transcribed and spliced out before translation

35
Q

Red blood cells lack mitochondria. These cells process glucose to lactate, but they also generate CO2. How can they generate CO2 if they lack mitochondria?

A

Pentose phosphate pathway coupled with glycolysis

36
Q

True or false: glycogen is reducing sugar

A

False

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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