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Sociology > EXAM 4 > Flashcards

EXAM 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

structural reasons for pay gaps

A

-women have lower rates of education (they weren’t encouraged to go to school
-women have lower rates of workforce participation (stay at home wives/mothers)
-“feminine” jobs paid less

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2
Q

example of “feminine” job

A

secretary, teacher

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3
Q

attitudinal reasons for pay gap (opinionated)

A

-women were viewed as less intelligent
-women can’t hold power due to not being smart enough, as well as too emotional
-women should be “homemaker;” taking care of kids and husband

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4
Q

how much is a stay at home parent worth?

A

Stay at home mother perform duties of four to seven full time workers, making 178,000 per year

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5
Q

the time that it takes to raise a child, _____ women’s income

A

reduces

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6
Q

iceland women’s strike

A

-very effective
-unintended consequences that lead to further adjustments

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7
Q

_____ is an example of wage gap moving in the right direction

A

Rwanda

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8
Q

What happened in Rwanda?

A

-huge genocide that led to many women being in power
-many men were murdered

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9
Q

______ has the highest rate of females in government

A

Rwanda

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10
Q

the sex discrimination in employment reflects the existence of two related phenomena:

A

glass ceiling & glass escalator

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11
Q

barrier that prevents women from advancing as much as men in the workplace (not said out-loud but still enforced); stems from ______ _____

A

glass ceiling; sexist attitudes

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12
Q

the smooth pain given to men in the workplace when in comparison to women

A

glass escalator

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13
Q

the age which a women first gets _____ effects the income they will make in their lifetime

A

pregnant

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14
Q

feminization of poverty

A

females are more likely to be poor

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15
Q

the belief that women and men should be equal

A

feminism

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16
Q

feminist were referred to as ____ by threatened men

A

femanazis

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17
Q

the belief that one biological sex is superior to another

A

sexism

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18
Q

male domination of a social structure

A

patriarchy

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19
Q

biological differences between females and males

A

biological sex

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20
Q

the differences in anatomy between female and males, that begin developing in the womb

A

primary sex

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21
Q

the biological differences between females and males that emerge during puberty

A

secondary sex

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22
Q

the social and cultural differences given to people based on their biological sex

A

gender

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23
Q

a societies expectations of peoples behavior and attitudes based on their biological sex

A

gender role

24
Q

your personal belief about yourself as either male or female

A

gender indentity

25
Q

a cultures expectations of how girls and women should behave

A

femininity

26
Q

a culture’s expectations of how boys and men should behave

A

masculinity

27
Q

One of the first anthropologist to study cultural differences in gender

A

Margaret Mead

28
Q

research found that gender-linked _____ and ______ do differ widely from one culture to another

A

attitudes and behaviors

29
Q

example of a difference in gender-linked behaviors

A

women in U.S were not allowed in military until 2003 while women in Israel were allowed to serve since the 60s

30
Q

some thing that is seen as both female and male

A

androgynous

31
Q

a term for a variety of conditions in which a person doesn’t fit typical definition of female or male because of sexual anatomy

A

intersex

32
Q

intersex is a socially constructed category that reflects real ______ ____

A

biological variation

33
Q

some forms of intersex signal ______ _____ _____

A

underlying metabolic concerns

34
Q

people whose gender identity is different from the gender they thought to be at birth

A

transgender

35
Q

people who aren’t entirely male or female

A

gender fluid

36
Q

most trans people seek to bring their bodies into alignment with their gender identity, this is called

A

transition

37
Q

preference for sexual relations

A

sexual orientation

38
Q

describes a person’s internal

A

gender identity

39
Q

first transgender fashion

A

Sumeriah and Akkadian

40
Q

agents of socialization

A

-family
-peers
-schools
-mass media
-religion

41
Q

family (agent of socialization)

A

socialization into gender rules begins at birth

42
Q

peers (agent of socialization)

A

school children play different games based on their gender

43
Q

a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgements about whole categories of people based on their ethnicity

A

prejudice

44
Q

prejudice are based on _____

A

opinions

45
Q

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people (race, age, or sex)

A

discrimination

46
Q

oversimplified, incorrect generalization about people because of their race/ethnicity

A

stereotype

47
Q

prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people based on the basis of their membership of a particular ethnic group

A

racism

48
Q

racism is the belief that different races possess _____ ____

A

different characteristics

49
Q

a system in which policies and social norms work together in various ways to keep racism alive

A

structural racism

50
Q

the belief that white people are superior to those of all other races, especially black race, and should therefore dominate society

A

white supremacy

51
Q

discrimination that individuals practice in their daily lives

A

individual discrimination

52
Q

discriminatory practices of whole institutions, such as ____ ____ and ______, even if such discrimination is not intended

A

institutional discrimination; law enforcement and education

53
Q

Psychological explanations (4)

A

-Authoritarian personality
-scapegoat theory
-conformity and Socialization (social learning theory)
-Economic and political competition

54
Q

a personality that emphasizes obedience to authority, strict adherence to rules, and low acceptance of people not like oneself

A

authoritarian personality

55
Q

the view that individuals blame the problems they experience on ethnic minorities and thus _____ them instead of recognizing the real source of their own misfortune

A

scapegoat theory

56
Q

people who are prejudiced and conforming to the culture in which they grew up, and the prejudice is the result of socialization from parents peers and other aspects

A

conformity and socialization (social learning theory)

57
Q

the fact that white people, relative to those in minority categories, enjoy social advantages

A

white privilege

Sociology (4 decks)

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